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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS QF PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES (PROTEASES) (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 146 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1968.tb20305.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHEMICAL MEDIATORS OF THE ACUTE INFLAMMATORY REACTION (1964)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 116 (1964), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb52556.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BRADYKININ (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 104 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb17664.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Young gymnasts’ understanding of sport-related pain: a contribution to prevention of injury (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Child 31 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Introduction  Pain may signal impending or actual injury, or the achievement of optimum workload to produce a physical conditioning effect. These different functions of pain present a challenge for athletes wanting to improve their skill and conditioning level in the most efficient manner without injury. As children may be particularly vulnerable to exacerbating pain and injury owing to limited knowledge, it is important to learn more about the development of their understanding of pain concepts (e.g. pain as a signal of impending injury vs. soreness from exertion).Methods  A structured interview and scoring criteria were developed to measure children's understanding of the functions of pain in sport and the consequences of pain and injury. Competitive gymnasts (6–13 years; n = 68; 63% girls) were interviewed and their responses were scored for indices of understanding of different types of pain.Results  Age differences were found in: number of different types of pain identified; understanding of pain causality; understanding the value of pain; distinguishing pain from exertion; and use of pain descriptors. Analyses revealed that gymnasts responded differently to different types of pain and were aware of the need to stop their sport in some cases and to continue in others. Most did not describe social pressure to continue gymnastics while in pain. Gymnasts demonstrated an understanding that there was little they could do about chronic pain, yet appreciated that pain or damage could worsen with continued practice.Discussion  This study was a first step in elucidating young gymnasts’ understanding of sport-related pain. Further research is needed with athletes from other sports, and comparisons should be made with non-athletic children and those with pain from other sources. Within various sports, it will be important to determine the relative effects of age, sex, and number of hours spent training. Appreciation of individual differences in children's understanding of pain may contribute to prevention of injury in sport. For example, children who understand the difference between soreness from exertion and acute pain owing to injury may be able to make better decisions about pain management and continued practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2005.00530.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth dynamics of white and red muscle fibres in fast- and slow-growing strains of rainbow trout (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 55 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Compared with fish of a slow-growing strain, fast-growing rainbow trout exhibited significantly smaller white fibre diameters, throughout development from hatching to 24 cm body length, although possessing similar total number of fibres. In contrast, in red muscle, no differences were observed in fibre diameter between the two strains, but the fast growing fish showed a significantly higher number of red fibres. The differences in growth rate between the two strains were related to the mean white fibre diameter and were found to be matched by proportional adjustments in recruitment of new fibres to the growing muscle. Thus, the largest and fastestgrowing strain showed evidence of sustained higher recruitment of muscle fibres that endowed this strain with the potential to maintain rapid somatic growth for longer and accomplish greater muscle growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00710.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle development in cultured blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo: preliminary histochemical and immunohistochemical data on the fibre types (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 65 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We studied muscle ontogeny and fibre type characteristics in the blackspot seabream, a new species for commercial aquaculture. Myosin ATPase and SDH histochemistry and immunohistochemistry were tested at different ontogenetic stages, using a panel of antibodies to myosin isoforms and parvalbumin. In general, deep white muscle was parvalbumin-positive, and superficial ‘red’ muscle was parvalbumin-negative at all ages examined. At 6 days of age (transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding) three layers of muscle fibres were observed with different antimyosin reactivities: superficial monolayer, presumptive slow red (present only as a small group of fibres adjacent to the lateral line nerve), and presumptive fast-white (forming the bulk of the muscle). The superficial monolayer and presumptive slow fibres were positive for SDH. At 60 days of age (transition from live to artificial feeding) an additional fibre type was identified: a typical ‘pink’ or intermediate layer. In juveniles, the axial muscle consisted mainly of fast white fibres covered by a slow-red layer and between them a pink layer. Surprisingly, the red layer could be resolved into two distinct types by myosin immunostaining. Red fibres were also present along the horizontal septum, near the notochord. Both red and white muscle layers showed a mosaic appearance, which was confirmed by ATPase reaction. The work was financed by British Council, CRUP, and FCT (PhD Grant SFRH-BD-14068–2003).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.559at.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interhepatocytic macrophages and pale-grey cells in brown trout liver ontogenesis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 60 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Pale-grey cells appeared in the livers of healthy and non-stressed brown trout Salmo trutta 3 weeks post-hatching whereas interhepatocytic macrophages appeared at 5 months. Cells with intermediate morphological characteristics between those of pale-grey cells and macrophages were identified in all ages studies. Cell ultrastructure supported the idea that pale-grey cells probably belonged to the macrophage lineage, being eventual precursors of the active phagocytes residing amongst hepatocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb02433.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of dietary protein level on growth performance and body composition of juvenile blackspot seabream, Pagellus bogaraveo(Brunnich, 1768) (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 65 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo is a potential candidate species for southern European aquaculture. A 12-week feeding trial was then conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary protein level on growth performance, body composition and feed use efficiency of blackspot seabream juveniles (22·7 g each). Five isolipidic diets (12·5%) with graded levels of protein (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60%) were hand-distributed, twice a day, to duplicate groups of fish (120 fish per tank), until satiation. Growth (DGC), survival and feed utilization (FCR) were recorded through monthly sampling. Growth performance was significantly affected by dietary protein level (P 〈 0·05), and fish fed at the 50% protein level exhibited the highest final body mass. Feed conversion ratio decreased with increasing levels of dietary protein, fish fed 60% protein being the most efficient. No significant differences were found in whole body composition among treatments (P 〉 0·05). Financed by FCT (Project POCTI/CVT/39239/2001, PhD Grant SFRH-BD-14068–2003)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.559au.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Longitudinal study of the influence of removable partial denture and chemical control on the levels of Streptococcus mutans in saliva (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  Some studies have evaluated the salivary levels of mutans streptococci (MS) in removable partial denture (RPD) users. Saliva samples (2·0 mL) were obtained from 31 patients in six periods: (T0): immediately before installation of RPD; (T8): 8 days after T0; (T48): 48 days after T0; (T92): 92 days after T0; (T140): 140 days after T0 and (T189): 189 days after T0. The samples were vortexed and serially diluted from 10−1 to 10−6 in 0·05 m phosphate buffer (pH 7·4). From each dilution, 0·025 mL was plated on Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin (MSB). The plates were incubated in 5% CO2 at 37 °C for 72 h. There was an increase (t-test, P 〈 0·05) in the number of MS between periods T0 and T48 (mean/s.d., CFU mL−1 of saliva): T0: 2·26/4·43 × 106 and T48: 0·47/1·48 × 108. After this, intensive treatment with CHX was accomplished in 29 patients. Saliva samples were obtained after treatment in four periods: (T24 h): 24 h after T0; (T14): 14 days after T24 h; (T28): 28 days after T24 h, and (T63): 63 days after T24 h. The number of MS in saliva did not decrease (t-test, P 〉 0·05). A new CHX formulation was applied in 15 patients. Saliva samples were obtained in periods: (T0): before new CHX application; (T24 h): 24 h after T0 and (T82): 82 days after T0. The new CHX reduced MS levels in saliva: (mean/s.d., CFU mL−1 of saliva): T0: 6·64/8·47 × 106 and T24 h: 3·2/4·27 × 105 (sign rank, P 〈 0·05). In conclusion, there was a significant increase in the number of MS in saliva after the installation of RPD. The intensive treatment with a properly formulated CHX was effective in the reduction of MS, between 24 h and 82 days after its application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01015.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial replacement of fish oil by soybean oil on lipid distribution and liver histology in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture nutrition 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2095
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of fish oil replacement by soybean oil, on lipid distribution and liver histology of two commercially important finfish species: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Sea bass (16.2 ± 0.5 g; mean ± SD) and rainbow trout (52.1 ± 0.5 g) juveniles were fed one of three isonitrogenous (500 g kg−1 CP) and isoenergetic (19 kJ g−1) diets, containing 0% (control, diet A), 25% (diet B) and 50% (diet C) soybean oil. At the end of the experiment, lipid deposition was evaluated in muscle, liver and viscera. Cholesterol and triglycerides levels were also determined in plasma. Tissue total, neutral and polar lipid composition (g kg−1 total lipids) showed no significant differences within species, regardless the dietary treatment. The same trend was observed for plasma parameters (P 〉 0.05). Viscera were the preferential tissue of lipid deposition, with 252–276 and 469–513 g kg−1 total lipid content in trout and sea bass, respectively. Dietary fish oil replacement had no effect on either hepatic lipid droplets accumulation or degree and pattern of vacuolization in the observed liver sections. These data suggest that both sea bass and trout can be fed diets containing up to 50% soybean oil without adverse effects on tissue lipid composition or liver histology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2004.00337.x
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