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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 1576-1578 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have fabricated a silicon quantum dot embedded in a metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor structure. Two side gates deplete the quasi-two-dimensional electron gas created by a top inversion gate. We have tested devices ranging in size from 40 to 200 nm. By varying the density with the top gate, the conductance peaks reveal the details of the energy-level structure within the dot and their interactions with one another. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 14 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bisphosphonates are effective treatments for osteoporosis. Since some primary amino bisphosphonates are associated with oesophageal injury, we conducted a study of the upper gastrointestinal effects of risedronate, a pyridinyl bisphosphonate.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Healthy, postmenopausal women received risedronate 5 mg (n=26), aspirin 2600 mg (n=27), or placebo (n=27) daily for 14 days and underwent endoscopy at baseline, Day 8 and Day 15.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Oesophageal erosions were noted in one subject in the aspirin group, two in the placebo group, and none in the risedronate group, and an ulcer in one aspirin-treated subject. Gastric erosions and ulcers were observed most frequently in the aspirin group. Gastric ulcers were noted in eight subjects in the aspirin group, one in the placebo group, and none in the risedronate group (P=0.010, placebo vs. aspirin; P=0.002, risedronate vs. aspirin). Duodenal erosions and ulcers were observed in the aspirin group only. Gastroduodenal erosion scores of three or more occurred more frequently in the aspirin than in the risedronate and placebo groups (P 〈 0.001).〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Risedronate 5 mg was not associated with oesophageal or gastroduodenal ulcers in healthy, postmenopausal women, a population representative of patients who will receive risedronate in the clinical setting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: : Compared with currently available NSAIDs (which inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms of cyclooxy- genase), MK-0966 (a specific COX-2 inhibitor) is expected to cause less gastrointestinal toxicity.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim: To compare the effect on the upper gastrointestinal mucosae of a high dose of MK-0966 with that of conventional doses of ibuprofen and aspirin.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉MethodsHealthy subjects (n = 170; age range 18–54 years) with endoscopically normal gastric and duodenal mucosa were randomized to either MK-0966 250 mg q.d. (n = 51), ibuprofen 800 mg t.d.s. (n = 51), aspirin 650 mg q.d.s. (n = 17), or placebo (n = 51) in this 7-day, double-blind, parallel-group study. The mucosae were evaluated by endoscopy using a predefined scale; scores could range from 0 to 4. The primary end-point was the percentage of subjects who developed a mucosal score ≥ 2 (i.e. the development of one or more erosions). To evaluate COX-1 activity, serum thromboxane B2 levels were determined in a subset of the population.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉ResultsThe percentage of subjects who developed a mucosal score ≥ 2 in the MK-0966 group (12%) was significantly lower (P 〈 0.001) than that in the ibuprofen (71%) and aspirin (94%) groups, and was similar to that in the placebo group (8%). Only ibuprofen and aspirin significantly (P 〈 0.0001) reduced baseline thromboxane B2 levels. All treatments were generally well tolerated.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsIn this acute short-term endoscopic study, MK-0966 250 mg q.d. (a dose at least 10 times higher than that demonstrated to reduce the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis) produced significantly less gastrointestinal mucosal damage than either ibuprofen 800 mg t.d.s. or aspirin 650 mg q.d.s. and was comparable to placebo in this regard.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 939 (1988), S. 47-51 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Frog nerve fibre) ; Chemical modification ; Periodate ; Saxitoxin ; Sodium ion channel ; Tetrodotoxin ; Voltage gatting
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 206 (1981), S. 198-204 
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 214 (1987), S. 163-166 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: (Leiurus quinquestriatus, Nerve fiber, Frog node) ; Na^+ channel ; Voltage clamp ; β-Toxin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and 102 (1992), S. 43-48 
    ISSN: 0305-0491
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: peptic ulcer ; adenylate cyclase ; cimetidine ; histamine H2-receptor ; histamine H1-receptor ; human gastric mucosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biopsy specimens of human fundic mucosa from 96 subjects were assayed for adenylate cyclase activity to characterize specificity of the histamine receptor with selective agonists and antagonists in vitro, and to study the effect of cimetidine therapy. Histamine and the selective histamine H2-receptor agonist dimaprit were almost equally potent throughout the concentration-response curve (10−7–10−3 mol/l); maximal stimulation was obtained with concentrations of 10−4–10−3 mol/l, and half maximal stimulation with about 10−5 mol/l. The selective H1-receptor agonist PEA 10−5 and 10−3 mol/l failed to stimulate adenylate cyclase. Mepyramine 10−6 mol/l, a selective H1-receptor antagonist, and cimetidine 10−6 mol/l, a selective H2-receptor antagonist, did not affect basal adenylate cyclase activity. Histamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase was inhibited in a concentration dependent manner by cimetidine 10−7 and 10−5 mol/l, but not by the same concentrations of mepyramine. Almost identical basal adenylate cyclase activities of about 150 pmol cAMP/mg protein/20 min were found in gastric mucosal biopsies from controls and from peptic ulcer patients, whether or not treated with cimetidine. Histamine 10−5 mol/l doubled adenylate cyclase activity in the controls and the untreated ulcer group, but was completely ineffective in specimens from the cimetidine-treated peptic ulcer patients. The data underline the concept that the effects of histamine on acid secretion and on adenylate cyclase activity are linked together and that the therapeutic effect of cimetidine in ulcer treatment is related to histamine H2-receptor blockade followed by inhibition of adenylate cyclase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Magenschleimhaut ; Adenylat-Cyclase ; Histamin ; Gastritis ; Ulcus ; Gastric mucosa ; Adenylate cyclase ; Histamine ; Gastritis ; Ulcer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In morphologically different biopsy specimens from fundic, antral and duodenal mucosa of 134 persons, basal and histamine stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was studied: Basal and stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were log-normally distributed. Only in the fundic but not in the antral and duodenal mucosa adenylate cyclase was sensitive to histamine. The mean basal activity in the fundic gastric mucosa was 148, in response to 10−5 mol/l histamine 292 pmol cAMP/mg protein/20 min. In human fundic biopsy specimens histologically identified as normal gastric mucosa, the stimulatory effect of histamine on adenylate cyclase decreased with the individual's age. In bioptic material from patients suffering from histologically proven chronic gastritis the histamine effect decreased with the degree of atrophy. A similar loss of histamine sensitivity was found in gastric mucosal biopsies of antrectomized individuals operated at least 5 years before by the Billroth I or II method, whereas in the mucosa of patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer no loss occurred. In contrast, the most pronounced stimulatory action of histamine was found in this latter group. Since a histamine sensitive adenylate cyclase is localized only in the glandular area of the fundic mucosa and the histamine sensitivity depends on a morphological intact structure of the mucosa, it can be concluded, that the effects of histamine on adenylate cyclase and on hydrochloric acid secretion have to be considered as a mechanism linked together.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In morphologisch unterschiedlichen Biopsieproben aus der Fundus-, Antrum- und Duodenalschleimhaut von insgesamt 134 Personen wurde die basale und histaminstimulierte Adenylat-Cyclaseaktivität untersucht. Basale und stimulierte Adenylat-Cyclaseaktivität der Schleimhaut des oberen Gastrointestinaltrakts war log-normal verteilt. Nur die Adenylat-Cyclase der Fundusschleimhaut, nicht dagegen die der Antrum- und Duodenalschleimhaut war durch Histamin stimulierbar. In der Fundusschleimhaut betrug die basale Aktivität im Mittel 148, in Gegenwart von 10−5 mol/l Histamin 292 pmol cAMP/mg Protein/20 min. Die Stimulierbarkeit der Adenylat-Cyclase nahm in histologisch gesichert normaler Fundusschleimhaut mit dem Alter und im Biopsiematerial von Patienten mit histologisch diagnostizierter verschiedengradig chronischer Gastritis mit zunehmender Schleimhautatrophie ab. Die Stimulierbarkeit der Adenylat-Cyclase der Fundusschleimhaut durch Histamin war bei Patienten mit einem Magen- oder Duodenalulcus nicht signifikant von der des Normalkollektivs verschieden, obwohl in der Gruppe Duodenalulcus die höchsten Werte gefunden wurden. Demgegenüber war bei Patienten mit 2/3-Resektion nach Billroth I und II die Wirkung von Histamin auf die Enzymaktivität eindeutig vermindert. Da eine histamin-empfindliche Adenylat-Cyclase nur im sekretorischen Anteil des Magens nachweisbar ist und dieser Effekt einer morphologisch intakten Schleimhaut bedarf, lassen die hier vorliegenden Befunde darauf schließen, daß die Wirkungen von Histamin auf Adenylat-Cyclase und Säuresekretion zusammengehörige Vorgänge sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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