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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Geoidal geopotential ; TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) satellite altimeter data from January 1, 1993to October 24, 1999 (cycles 11–261) was used for investigating thelong-term variations in the geoidal geopotential W0 and/orin the geopotential scale factor R0 = GM/W0 (GM is theadopted geocentric gravitational constant). The mean valuesdetermined for the whole period covered are: W0 =(62 636 856.161 ± 0.002) m2 s-2, R0 =(6 363 672.5448 ± 0.0002) m. The actual accuracy is limited bythe altimeter calibration error (2–3 cm) and it isestimated to be about ± 0.5 m2 s-2 (± 5 cm).The yearly variations of the above mean values are at the formalerror level. No long-term trend in W0, representing the oceanvolume change, was found for the seven years period 1993–9 on thebasis of T/P altimeter (AVISO) data. No sea surface topography modelwas used in the solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Keywords: SST ; satellite altimetry ; dynamics ; inertia tensor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Temporal variations in the nine elements of the Earth's inertia ellipsoid due to sea surface topography dynamics were derived from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data 1993 - 1996. The variations amount to about 10 mm in the position of the center of the Earth's inertia ellipsoid (E i ), 0.15'' in the polar axis direction of E i and to about 0.0003 in the denominator of its polar flattening. The approach used is based on the temporal variations of distortions computed by means of the geopotential model EGM96 which is used as reference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 42 (1998), S. 459-466 
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Keywords: geopotential - mean surface – satellite altimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The geopotential value of W 0 = (62 636 855.611 ± 0.008) m 2 s −2 which specifies the equipotential surface fitting the mean ocean surface best, was obtained from four years (1993 - 1996) of TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data (AVISO, 1995). The altimeter calibration error limits the actual accuracy of W 0 to about (0.2 - 0.5) m 2 s −2 (2 - 5) cm. The same accuracy limits also apply to the corresponding semimajor axis of the mean Earth's level ellipsoid a = 6 378 136.72 m (mean tide system), a = 6 378 136.62 m (zero tide system), a = 6 378 136.59 m (tide-free). The variations in the yearly mean values of the geopotential did not exceed ±0.025 m 2 s −2 (±2.5 mm).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Keywords: sea levels ; mean ; differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Geopotential values ―W of the mean equipotential surfaces representing the mean ocean topography were computed on the basis of four years (1993 - 1996) TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data: ―W = 62 636 854.10m 2 s −2 for the Pacific (P), ―W = 62 636 858.20m 2 s −2 for the Atlantic (A), ―W = 62 636 856.28m 2s−2 for the Indian (I) Oceans. The corresponding mean separations between the ocean levels were obtained as follows: A − P = − 42 cm, I− P = − 22 cm, I − A = 20 cm, the rms errors came out at about 0.3 cm. No sea surface topography model was used in the solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 41 (1997), S. 203-216 
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Keywords: Geopotential Scale Factor ; Geoidal Potential ; Altimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The geopotential scale factor R o = GM/W o (the GM geocentric gravitational constant adopted) and/or geoidal potential Wo have been determined on the basis of the first year's (Oct 92 – Dec 93) ERS-1/TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data and of the POCM 4B sea surface topography model: R o °=(6 363 672.58°±0.05) m, W o °=(62 636 855.8°±0.05)m 2 s −2 . The 2°–°3 cm uncertainty in the altimeter calibration limits the actual accuracy of the solution. Monitoring dW o /dt has been projected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 40 (1996), S. 130-135 
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Keywords: geopotential-models-testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Sixteen geopotential model testing sites in the central part of Europe, coinciding with the first-order leveling network points, have been established. The geopotential values for these sites were determined with an accuracy not limiting the testing procedure. Tests have been carried out for models GEM-Tl, GEM-T3, JGM-l, JGM-2, JGM-3 and OSU91A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 41 (1997), S. 217-220 
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Keywords: normal heights ; geopotential models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The accuracy of determining the Molodensky normal heights using geopotential models has been investigated. On the basis of geopotential model JGM-3/OSU91A the Molodensky normal heights can be computed with an accuracy of about ±35 cm at the GPS sites in the central part of Europe. On the basis of JGM-3/OSU91A improved the accuracy becomes higher, about ±14 cm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Keywords: Geoidal Geopotential ; World Height System
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The geoidal geopotential value of W 0 = 62 636 856.0 ± 0.5m 2 s −2 , determined from the 1993 –1998 TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data, can be used to practically define and realize the World Height System. The W 0 -value can also uniquely define the geoidal surface and is required for a number of applications, including General Relativity in precise time keeping and time definitions. Furthermore, the W 0 -value provides a scale parameter for the Earth that is independent of the tidal reference system. All of the above qualities make the geoidal potential W 0 ideally suited for official adoption as one of the fundamental constants, replacing the currently adopted semi-major axis a of the mean Earth ellipsoid. Vertical shifts of the Local Vertical Datum (LVD) origins can easily be determined with respect to the World Height System (defined by W 0 ), in using the recent EGM96 gravity model and ellipsoidal height observations (e.g. GPS) at levelling points. Using this methodology the LVD vertical displacements for the NAVD88 (North American Vertical Datum 88), NAP (Normaal Amsterdams Peil), AMD (Australian Height Datum), KHD (Kronstadt Height Datum), and N60 (Finnish Height Datum) were determined with respect to the proposed World Height System as follows: −55.1 cm, −11.0 cm, +42.4 cm, −11.1 cm and +1.8 cm, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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