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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 1 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Crack propagation rates have been measured in two aluminium alloys under cyclic and static loading, in air, and in salt solution. On the basis of these results, a model is proposed, whereby corrosion fatigue crack propagation may be interpreted in terms of fatigue and static stress corrosion characteristics. Two interacting processes are operative; one is “stress assisted dissolution”, which tends to inhibit mechanical failure by crack blunting and microbranching. The other is “environment assisted fracture” which occurs too rapidly for dissolution to occur. One or other of these processes is always observed to be dominant. This proposal is discussed in relation to other recent models for corrosion fatigue cracking. The effects of frequency, waveform and mean stress variations are also considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 1 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of stress ratio and the loading frequency on fatigue crack growth rates in BS 4360–50C steel was investigated in laboratory air.Fatigue crack growth tests were performed on compact tension specimens (CTS) made in two thicknesses 12 and 24 mm. Tests were conducted at two frequencies of 0·25 and 30 Hz, applying a stress ratio R varying from – 0·7 to 0·7. The results were analysed using the linear elastic fracture mechanics approach. They showed that the increase in both positive and negative R caused increased fatigue crack growth rates. Also an empirical effective stress intensity factor range, ΔKeff, was found more appropriate to correlate the fatigue crack growth data than the ΔK factor frequently used in crack growth studies.The loading frequency had only a little influence on crack growth rates at low R. However, at high R, growth rates were significantly higher at lower frequencies. It is suggested that this frequency influence may be associated with environmental effects, due to the embrittlement caused by hydrogen from the moist air, while the crack was fully open.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 1 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The progressive change of mean strain during the cyclic plastic deformation of a material between fixed stress limits is commonly called cyclic creep. If, in tension-compression testing, the mean stress exceeds a certain critical small compressive value, shortening is to be expected; but, if it is less than this or if it is tensile, lengthening is to be expected. The value of the mean stress decides the eventual direction of cyclic creep but not necessarily the initial direction of cyclic creep. In a pre-strained metal, the form of the tension and compression curves differs because of the Bauschinger effect. This affects the behaviour of the material during the first cycle and also, to a decreasing extent, during subsequent cycles. Thus, if the mean stress tends to cause cyclic creep in a direction opposed to that in which pre-straining has induced initial creep, a reversal of creep can occur. Observations have been made of the phenomena in mild steel (for both directions of pre-strain) and also in high conductivity copper.It was found that the phenomenon of creep reversal does not depend on the metal undergoing cyclic hardening or softening. However, changes in the strain range and changes in the mean strain caused by cyclic creep itself produced changes in the limits of true stress when cycling was carried out between fixed limits of nominal stress. It was also shown that a reversal of cyclic creep might occur as a result of cyclic hardening or softening of a metal which possesses similar tension and compression characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 4 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract —Three methods are presented, whereby' static’(R-curve) and fatigue crack growth data may be combined. In the first, a single curve is fitted through both sets of data, making due allowance for residual stresses from prior unloading and stress ratio. For the other two methods, crack growth is divided into tearing and ductile striation formation components. These components may be combined either by adding crack growth rates associated with specified values of stress intensity factor or by adding crack growth resistances associated with specified crack extensions. The results are compared with test data obtained from compact tension specimens of high strength aluminium alloys, BS.L97 (2024–T3) and DTD.5120 (7010–T7651).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 10 (1974), S. 125-127 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 19 (1982), S. 311-325 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Previous work by the authors has indicated that crack behaviour in PMMA (and thus probably in other materials as well) shows a secondary dependence on the degree of in-plane stress biaxiality, in addition to its established primary dependence on K 1, the elastic stress intensity factor. Data published here shows the crack-length dependence of a parameter expressing the degree of stress biaxiality inherent to a number of standard specimen geometries. This should help to determine to what, if any, extent a given material's sensitivity to stress biaxiality is responsible for K 1-independent variations in crack behaviour between specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 13 (1977), S. 874-876 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 16 (1980), S. R169 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 13 (1977), S. 595-610 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une solution analytique basée sur la théorie des poutres non linéaires a été établie pour calculer la valeur cyclique de l'intégrale de contour J dans les poutres sujettes à charge cyclique et à propagation de fissure de fatigue au delà de la limite élastique lorsque des déflections importantes, dues à un fluage cyclique, se présentent. La solution a été appliquée au cas particulier d'éprouvette double Cantilever. Lorsque la force de cisaillement et la rotation à l'extrémité de la fissure sont prises en considération, on a trouvé un bon accord entre la déflection de fluage cyclique calculée et la déflection de fluage cyclique expérimentale due à la croissance de la fissure de fatigue dans l'éprouvette DCB. La valeur cyclique de J, ΔJ a été trouvée dépendante parmi d'autres facteurs des propriétés de fluage cyclique du matériau obtenues lors d'essais de charge cyclique sur des éprouvettes cylindriques pleines. L'accord entre les valeurs de ΔJ calculées et les valeurs expérimentales a également été trouvé satisfaisant.
    Notes: Abstract An analytical solution, based on non-linear beam theory, has been derived to compute the cyclic values of the J contour integral in beam specimens subjected to load cycling and fatigue crack growth above the yield point where large deflections due to cyclic creep occur. The solution has been applied to the particular case of the contoured DCB specimen. When the shear force and rotation at the crack tip were considered the agreement between the computed and the experimental cyclic creep deflection, due to fatigue crack growth on the contoured DCB specimen, were good. The cyclic value of J, ΔJ, was found to be dependent, among other factors, on the cyclic creep properties of the material obtained in load-cycling tests on plain cylindrical specimens. The agreement between the computed ΔJ values and the experimental ones were also good.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 16 (1980), S. 533-552 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On décrit les diverses lois de propagation des fissures de fatigue appliquées a l'étude des polymères. En considérant la distribution de champs de contrainte a 1'extremité de la fissure, on est conduit á appliquer la mécanique de la rupture. On montre qu'une relation simplifiée de la forme da/dN =Fφ a, oùφ est une fonction deK IC,K max,K min etKTH apparait être une expression convenable pour la croissance cyclique d'une fissure. L'effet de la contrainte moyenne est plus complexe que dans le domaine des métaux et la composante de compression du cycle de contraintes pent différer la croissance de la fissure. Des essais cycliques en traction exécutés sur du PMMA et du PVC dépendent de ΔK et de la valeur moyenneK m . La valeur de seuilK TH est également influencée parK m mais un comportement plus complexe associé aux effets de vitesses de déformation peut être observé aux effets de vitesees de déformation peut être observé. D'autres differénces, telles que la position des points de transition supérieurs et inférieurs ainsi que les changements de vitesse de croissance avec la fréquence ont été notées. L'effet d'une mise en charge cyclique biaxiale d'un PMMA ou d'un PVC sous forme de plaque est comparé et on met en avant certaines des différences observées. Les résultats disponibles jusqu'ici indiquent un effet modéré de la courbure de la fissure sur sa propagation. Cependant, on montre que si une biaxialité croissante pent retarder d'une manière substancielle la croissance d'une fissure dans du PMMA, aucun effet de ce genre n a été enregistré dans le cas d'un PVC. Enfin, on montre que pour des niveaux de contrainte très élevés (région III) la croissance cyclique d'une fissure consiste en deux modes de propagation, à savoir une propagation purement cyclique accompagnée d'une croissance lente. A des niveaux de contrainte plus faible, la phase de croissance lente disparait et la propagation de la fissure s'effectue en fatigue pure (région II). Dans la région I, la propagation est très lente sans que se présente la correspondance usuelle entre les cycles et les striures. Les résultats récemment obtenus sur des plastiques renforcés de verre (GRP) sont également présentés et les differences en sont mises en évidence.
    Notes: Abstract A number of fatigue crack propagation laws applied in the study of polymers is described. Consideration of the stress field distribution at the crack tip leads to the application of fracture mechanics. It is shown that a simplified relationship of the form da/dN =Fλ α, whereφ is a function ofK IC,K max,K min andK TH appears to be a convenient expression for cyclic crack growth. The effect of mean stress is more complicated than that in the field of metals, the compressive component of cyclic stress may delay the crack growth. Cyclic tests in tension performed on PMMA and PVC are dependent on ΔK and its mean value,K m . The threshold value,K TH, is also influenced byK m but a more complicated behaviour due to strain rate effects may be observed. Other differences, such as the position of upper and lower transition points and growth rate changes with frequence, are noted. The effect of biaxial cyclic loading of PMMA and PVC plates is compared and some differences highlighted. The results available so far indicate little effect of the crack curving on its growth. However, it is shown that, while the increasing biaxiality can substantially retard the crack growth in PMMA, no such effect was recorded in PVC. Finally, it is shown that at very high stress levels (region III), the cyclic crack growth consists of two propagation modes, namely, a pure cyclic propagation, together with slow growth. At lower stress levels, slow growth disappears and the crack propagates in pure fatigue (region II). In region I, the propagation is very slow, without the usual correspondence between cycles and striations. The results recently obtained on glass reinforced plastics (GRP) are also presented and differences highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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