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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitatory Amino Acid Synthesis in Hypoxic Brain Slices: Does Alanine Act as a Substrate for Glutamate Production in Hypoxia? (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 71 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Excitatory amino acids are an important cause of cell death in the hypoxic and ischaemic brain. Neuronal glutamate stores are depleted rapidly in hypoxia, but alanine production rises under such conditions and has been suggested to be a potential precursor of glutamate. To test this hypothesis, we have investigated amino acid metabolism using 13C NMR with superfused guinea pig cortical slices subjected to varying degrees of hypoxia. During severe hypoxia, brain slices metabolising 5 mM [2-13C]pyruvate exported [2-13C]alanine into the superfusion fluid. The metabolic fate of alanine during normoxia and hypoxia was tested by superfusion of brain slices with 10 mM glucose and 2 mM [2-13C, 15N]alanine. Metabolism of exogenous alanine leads to the release of aspartate into the superfusion fluid. The pattern of labelling of aspartate indicated that it was synthesised via the glial-specific enzyme pyruvate carboxylase. 13C-labelled glutamate was produced with both normoxia and hypoxia, but concentrations were 30-fold lower than for labelled aspartate. Thus, although substantial amounts of glutamate are not synthesised from alanine in hypoxia, there is significant production of aspartate, which also may have deleterious effects as an excitatory amino acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71062477.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypo-osmotic swelling-activated release of organic osmolytes in brain slices: implications for brain oedema in vivo (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 77 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A decrease in the intracellular levels of osmotically active species has invariably been seen after swelling of mammalian brain tissue preparations. The exact identity of the species, and the manner of their decrease, remain to be described. We investigated the swelling-activated decrease of organic osmolytes in rat cortical brain slices using 1H- and 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We found that acute hypo-osmotic shock causes decreases in the levels of a range of intracellular amino acids and amino acid derivatives, N-acetyl-aspartate, creatine, GABA, glutamate, hypotaurine, and also in the levels of the methylamines glycerol-phosphorylcholine, phosphorylcholine and choline. Incubation of cortical slices with the anion channel blockers niflumic acid and tamoxifen caused inhibition of organic osmolyte efflux, suggesting that such osmolyte efflux occurs through anion channels. Intracellular phosphocreatine was also seen to decrease during acute hypo-osmotic superfusion, although intracellular ATP remained constant. In addition, the acidification of an intracellular compartment was observed during hypo-osmotic superfusion. Our results suggest a link between brain energy reserve and brain osmoregulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00403.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of a target-controlled infusion of alfentanil to provide analgesia for burn dressing changes (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Burn dressing changes require profound analgesia for a short duration. This study aimed to determine whether an operator-adjusted target-controlled infusion of alfentanil could provide effective analgesia for burn dressing changes. Ten patients with a burn of between 5 and 50% of body surface area were studied. Pain scoring was performed before, during and following the dressing change. Target and effect site concentrations of alfentanil were recorded during and for 15 min after the dressing change. Median baseline visual analogue pain score (VAS) was 22 mm. Median (range) duration of dressing change was 35 (20–75) min. Median (range) VAS during the dressing change was 30 (14–66) mm. All patients were satisfied with their pain relief. There was no respiratory depression or cardiovascular instability. No patient became sedated and there were no episodes of nausea or vomiting. Median (range) total dose of alfentanil was 2.6 (1–10.7) mg. This study supports the efficacy of an operator-adjusted target-controlled infusion of alfentanil to provide analgesia for burn dressing changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01712.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glyoxalase 2 deficiency in the erythrocytes of a horse: ^1H NMR studies of enzyme kinetics and transport of S-lactoylglutathione
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 291 (1991), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(91)90137-8
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a simple, fluoroimmunoassay for paraquat
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 175 (1988), S. 297-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Keywords: High affinity antibody ; Paraquat ; Plasma parquat detection ; Rapid fluoroimmunoassay
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0009-8981(88)90106-4
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the 1H and 31P NMR Spectra of Erythrocytes and Plasma from some Australian Native Animals: Bandicoot, Echidna, Koala, Little Penguin, Tammar Wallaby, Tasmanian Devil, Tree Kangaroo and Wombat (1993)
    Springer
    Comparative clinical pathology 3 (1993), S. 71-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: Bandicoot ; Betaine ; Echidna ; Erythrocytes ; 1H NMR ; Koala ; Little penguin ; 31P NMP ; Plasma ; Tammar wallaby ; Tasmanian devil ; Taurine ; Tree kangaroo ; Wombat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1H and 31P NMR spectra were acquired from the whole plasma and ultrafiltrates of erythrocytes (RBC) from eight Australian native animals. Various metabolites contained in the samples were identified from their NMR spectra and their concentrations were determined where possible. The key observations were as follows. (1) High lysine concentrations in the RBC from Tammar wallaby (∼8 mmol/(L RBC)) were confirmed. (2) A resonance at δ 3.17 in the 1H spin-echo NMR spectrum of koala RBC was reassigned to the N+-(CH3)3 of betaine and not to ergothioneine as previously claimed. (3) A high concentration (∼10 mmol/ (L RBC)) of taurine was observed in the RBC from ‘little’ penguin. (4) The lack of ATP in the RBC of echidna, reported previously on the basis of standard biochemical assays, was confirmed directly by NMR spectroscopy. (5) The highest ergothioneine concentrations in the RBC of the eight species of animal were in the wombat (1.76 mmol/(L RBC)).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00368109
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