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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used an oriented single crystal of Nd2Fe14B1 as a test sample to explore contrast and resolution as a function of magnetic force microscopy tip coating, tip scan height, and sample history. We find that resolution is independent of tip type; that contrast is greater at low scan heights and for higher moment tips; and that the fine length scale structure of order 25 nm can be resolved. We further show how the surface structure is a function of state (demagnetized or remanent), demonstrating the ability of well-characterized studies to give high-resolution information on carefully prepared samples. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 23 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The low cycle fatigue (LCF) behaviour of four variants of UDIMET® 720 was investigated. The materials comprised a fine grained (approximately 10 μm), powder processed material with a fine bimodal distribution (∼20 and 80 nm) of secondary γ′; the same material, but with enlarged secondary γ′ (∼480 nm); a coarse grained powder processed material (grain size ∼62 μm) and finally a cast and wrought material with a similar microstructural scale to the fine grained powder processed alloy, but with reduced interstitial element content. LCF testing was undertaken on corner notched square section specimens at 20, 300 and 600 °C with a frequency of 0.25 Hz, a cyclic stress range of 500 MPa and an R ratio of +0.1. At 20 and 600 °C fracture was found to be macroscopically flat for all materials. However, at 300 °C, significant shear fracture was observed in the two materials that had a fine grain size and a fine secondary γ′ size, leading to a characteristic ‘tear-drop’ appearance. Only minor shear fracture was observed in the coarse grained and enlarged secondary γ′ materials. Tensile tests indicated that weak dynamic strain ageing occurred in all materials at 300 °C. The fine grained powder processed U720 also exhibited dynamic strain ageing at 600 °C, but this was not the case for the coarse grained or cast and wrought materials. The origin of the shear fracture are discussed and related to the microstructure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 22 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 31 (1996), S. 1205-1211 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A variety of different preparation techniques have been used in order to identify the experimental conditions under which interface phases are formed in the near-α alloy, IMI 834. In particular, a Ni plated surface examined in cross-section in the TEM produced a gradation in hydrogen content from high at the surface to low levels in the bulk. Two transformation products have been identified, one was a monolithic f c c phase with a lattice parameter of a=0.434 ±0.004 nm, which forms along α-platelet boundaries, and the second was an acicular feature which formed between α-platelet boundaries which was tentatively identified as an h c p phase twin related to the α-titanium. The monolithic interface phase was found to form at both low and high hydrogen levels while the α twins were only seen at high hydrogen contents. In all cases, the transformations were shown to be artefactual and induced solely by hydrogen absorption. No evidence of mechanical strain induced interface phase formation was found. In conflict with the literature, the monolithic f c c phase was found to occur during ion-beam milling and was attributed to water contamination of the milling gas. Formation of the interface phase was suppressed by electropolishing at temperatures ≤ −50 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A study of the effect of spray casting on the microstructure and properties of cold rolling mill work roll steels has been undertaken. Industry standard qualities have been spray formed and a comparison of the resulting properties and microstructures has been made with those of the conventionally processed counterparts. The influence of process variables on the spray formed product has also been investigated. The results indicate that cold mill work roll steels which have comparable properties and structures to conventionally cast and forged products can be produced successfully in a single processing step. Furthermore, a high integrity metallurgical bond between the deposit and the substrate can be achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1997), S. 883-885 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Abstracts are not published in this journal
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Al-Y and Al-La binary alloys containing 0.7–18 wt% (0.2–6.3 at%) Y and 0.9–18 wt% (0.2–4.2 at%) La, were rapidly solidified by chill-block melt-spinning to produce ribbons between 35 and 70 μm thick. Microstructures were of the classical zone A/zone B type with a notable increase in αAl lattice parameter for the Al-6.3 at% Y composition, which exhibited a Knoop hardness of 430±30 kg mm−2 as-spun. Isochronal ageing for 2 h at 200–500 °C gave significant hardening at 200 and/or 300 °C for all of the more concentrated alloys, the largest responses being produced by Al-6.3 at % Y and Al-4.2 at % La at 200 °C. X-ray diffraction asspun indicated the presence of only αAl and equilibrium Al11La3 in the Al-La alloy ribbons and αAl and a non-equilibrium Al4Y/Al11Y3 in the Al-Y ribbons. This non-equilibrium Al-Y phase was identified by X-ray diffraction as isomorphous with orthorhombic or tetragonal Al11 La3 with lattice parameters determined as a o = 0.42 ± 0.02 nm (b o = 1.26 ± 0.06 nm) and c o = 0.97 ± 0.05 nm. TEM showed that it was present as an intercellular network with Energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis indicating an average composition Al-46 wt% Y consistent with the Al4Y/Al11Y3 stoichiometry and diffraction patterns consistent with an orthorhombic or tetragonal cell with these lattice parameters. While no significant change in phase constitution of the Al-La ribbons was detected by X-ray diffraction as a result of heat treatment, the Al11Y3 in Al-Y ribbons was seen to be replaced by βAI3Y on heat treatment at 400 and 500 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Experimental data on the coarsening of precipitates and dispersoids in aluminium-based matrices are reviewed. Available data are tabulated as K=(r 3−r 0 3 )/t where r 0 is the initial particle radius and r is its value after time t at temperature T, and then plotted as log (KT) against 1/T for consolidation and assessment. The considerable body of data for δ′-A3Li in Li-containing alloys is well represented by K=(K 0/T) exp (−Q/RT) with K 0=(1.3 −0.5 +3.0 ) × 10−13m3Ks−1 and Q=115±4kJ mol−1. The relatively limited data for θ′ and θ″ in Cucontaining alloys are representable by the same relationship with K 0∼4 × 10−8 and — 4 × 10−10 m3 Ks−1, respectively, and Q — 140 kJ mol−1. Available data for coarsening of L12 − Al3(Zr, V) and related phases in Zr-containing alloys and of Al12Fe3Si and related phases in Al-Fe based alloys indicate (i) rates of coarsening at 375 to 475 °C (0.7 to 0.8Tm) five to eight orders of magnitude less than would be expected for δ′, θ′ and θ″ in this temperature range, and (ii) high activation energies of ∼300 and 180 kJ mol−1, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 34 (1999), S. 2291-2301 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of spray forming on the structure and properties of a 17% Cr, 2.5% C white cast iron is described and compared with conventionally cast material of the same composition. Spray forming resulted in a substantial reduction in microstructural scale (eutectic (Cr,Fe)7C3 fields of up to 500 μm in conventionally cast material were replaced by discrete carbides of typically 2–8 μm diameter in the spray cast deposit). Carbide size varied as a function of position in the spray deposit, being approximately twice the size at mid section compared with either surface or interface with the collector. Carbide size was not altered by the gas to metal ratio used to atomise the spray. Spray forming increased transverse rupture stress and work of fracture by ∼50% compared with the conventionally cast material. Forging of the spray formed material was possible at ∼950°C, without inducing carbide fracture or void formation in the matrix. Quenching into iced water from 300°C induced extensive macroscopic cracking in the conventionally cast material whereas 400°C was required in the spray cast material to induce similar damage. The relationship between processing, microstructure and mechanical properties is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 1413-1418 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The role of silicon in the precipitation of the σ phase (Al5Cu6Mg2) has been investigated through comparative studies on Al-3.63Cu-1.67Mg (wt%) and Al-3.63Cu-1.67Mg-0.5Si alloys. Both alloys were extensively examined after solution treating at 525°C for 2.5 h followed by ageing at 265°C for times up to 650 h. Limited studies were also undertaken on both alloys after ageing at 200 and 305°C. Precipitation of σ was observed in Al-3.62%Cu-1.66%Mg-0.5%Si for all ageing conditions studied but was absent in Si-free Al-3.62%Cu-1.66%Mg. In addition, S′ and θ′ phases were observed in both alloys. The volume fraction of σ phase in the Si containing alloy was substantially reduced by a pre-age stretch followed by ageing for 24 h at 265°C with S′ being the dominant precipitate type. The volume fraction of σ phase in the Si containing alloy was lower after ageing 24 h at 200°C than after 24 h at 265 and 305°C. Peak hardness was higher for the Si free alloy on ageing at 200 and 265°C, but the Si free alloy softened more rapidly, reflecting the more rapid coarsening kinetics of S′ compared with σ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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