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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cellular level of yeast ribosomal protein L25 is controlled principally by rapid degradation of excess protein (1986)
    Springer
    Current genetics 10 (1986), S. 733-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Ribosome synthesis ; Regulation ; Ribosomal protein turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary When the gene dosage for the primary rRNA-binding ribosomal protein L25 in yeast cells was raised about 50-fold, the level of mature L25 transcripts was found to increase almost proportionally. The plasmid-derived L25 transcripts were structurally indistinguishable from their genomic counterparts, freely entered polysomes in vivo and were fully translatable in a heterologous in vitro system. Nevertheless, pulse-labelling for periods varying from 3–20 min did not reveal a significant elevation of the intracellular level of L25 protein. When pulse-times were decreased to 10–45 s, however, we did detect a substantial over production of L25. We conclude that, despite the strong RNA-binding capacity of the protein, accumulation of L25 is not controlled by an autogenous (pre-)mRNA-targeted mechanism similar to that operating in bacteria, but rather by extremely rapid degradation of excess protein produced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405095
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Translational efficiency of mRNA in yeast cells is not increased by plant viral leader sequences (1992)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 37 (1992), S. 84-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Synthetic oligonucleotides encoding the 5′-non-translated (leader) sequence of the coat protein mRNA of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 4 or the Ω′ leader sequence of tobacco mosaic virus RNA were used to replace the natural leader region of the yeast phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK1) mRNAs and the translational efficiency of the chimeric mRNA was determined in yeast cells. In neither case did we observed a significant increase compared to the translational efficiency shown by the wild-type PGK mRNA, in contrast to the known stimulatory effect of these leader sequences on translation in mammalian, plant and bacterial in-vivo and/or in-vitro systems. The same result was obtained when the translational efficiencies in yeast cells of Escherichia coli β-galactosidase mRNAs carrying the PGK or either of the two viral leader sequences were compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174208
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variable region V1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 18S rRNA participates in biogenesis and function of the small ribosomal subunit (1997)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 105 (1997), S. 523-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The role of helix 6, which forms the major portion of the most 5’-located expansion segment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 18S rRNA, was studied by in vivo mutational analysis. Mutations that increased the size of the helical part and/or the loop, even to a relatively small extent, abolished 18S rRNA formation almost completely. Concomitantly, 35S pre-rRNA and an abnormal 23S precursor species accumulated. rDNA units containing these mutations did not support cell growth. A deletion removing helix 6 almost completely, on the other hand, had a much less severe effect on the formation of 18S rRNA, and cells expressing only the mutant rRNA remained able to grow, albeit at a much reduced rate. Disruption of the apical A·U base pair by a single point mutation did not cause a noticeable reduction in the level of 18S rRNA but did result in a twofold lower growth rate of the cells. This effect could not be reversed by introduction of a second point mutation that restores base pairing. We conclude that both the primary and the secondary structure of helix 6 play an important role in the formation and the biological function of the 40S subunit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004120050214
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear gene CYB3 encoding a cytochrome b polypeptide of respiratory complex II (1994)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 242 (1994), S. 708-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Mitochondria ; Cytochrome b ; Complex II ; HAP2/3/4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Computer-assisted structural analysis of the predicted product of the previously described open reading frame (ORF) YKL4 located on the left arm of chromosome XI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed a high degree of similarity (〉50%) to bovine cytochrome b 560, the sdhC polypeptide of the Escherichia coli succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex and the protein specified by ORF137 located on the chloroplast DNA of Marchantia polymorpha. Disruption of the yeast gene severely impaired mitochondrial function, while Northern analysis showed it to be subject to catabolite repression. Deletion analysis of the CYB3 promoter identified a single HAP2/3/4-binding element that is necessary and sufficient for carbon source-dependent transcriptional regulation. These experiments also suggested the presence of additional, as yet unidentified, transcriptional control elements, both negative and positive. Taken together, these data lead us to conclude that the CYB3 gene encodes the yeast homolog of the bovine cytochrome b 560 component of complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283426
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning and physical analysis of an 8·2 kb segment of chromosome XI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals five tightly linked genes (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 8 (1992), S. 227-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Chromosome XI ; mitochondrial protein ; triglyceride lipase ; CTD kinase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nucleotide sequence of 6472 base pairs of an 8·2 kb segment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XI has been determined. The sequence contains a cluster of four long open reading frame (ORF) designated YKL2, YKL3, YKL4 and TGL1 in the same orientation, flanked at the 5′-end by a divergent incomplete ORF (YKL1). Transcription and Southern analyssis of the four complete ORFs showed that all are expressed and are present in single copy on the haploid genome. The average codon adaption index of the coding regions is approximately 0·2, suggesting that these genes are lowly expressed. The upstream regions of all four genes as well as the YKL1 ORF contain putative promoter elements previously found to be characteristic of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. Significant sequence similarities were found between the YKL3 protein and Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S2 as well as between the TGL1 protein and triglyceride lipases from rat salivary gland and human gastric tissue. The 3′-end of the 6472 bp nucleotide sequence overlaps with the upstream region of the previously identified CTK1 gene, encoding the largest subunit of CTD kinase (Lee, J. M. and Greenleaf, A. L., 1991, Gene Expression 2, 149-167), thereby increasing the number of genes on the 8·2 kb fragment to at least five. The transcripts of these genes represent approximately 83% of the DNA fragment, making it one of the most highly transcribed regions of the yeast chromosome analysed to date.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320080309
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Known heat-shock proteins are not responsible for stress-induced rapid degradation of ribosomal protein mRNAs in yeast (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 583-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Heat shock proteins ; mRNA degradation ; ribosomal proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have previously shown that the heat-induced enhanced decay of yeast mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins (rp-mRNAs) requires ongoing transcription during the heat treatment [Herruer et al. (1988) Nucl. Acids Res. 16, 7917]. In order to determine whether this requirement reflects the need for heat-shock protein (hsp), we analysed the effect of heat shock on rp-mRNA levels in several yeast strains in which each of the heat-shock genes encoding hsp26, hsp35 or hsp83 had been individually disrupted. In all three strains we still observed increased degradation of rp-mRNAs immediately after the temperature shift, demonstrating that hsp26, hsp35 and hsp83 are not required for this effect. Accelerated turnover of rp-mRNA was also found to occur upon raising the growth temperature of a mutant strain that contains a disruption of the gene specifying the heat-shock transcription factor and in wild-type yeast cells treated with canavanine, an arginine analogue that will be incorporated into all known hsps and that is known to cause misfolding of the polypeptide chain. Latter observation suggests that enhanced rp-mRNA decay is a more general stress-related phenomenon. Taken together, these data strongly indicate that the trans-acting factor required for the increase in the rate of degradation of rp-mRNAs upon stress is not one of the known yeast hsps.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320090604
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of leader primary structure on the translational efficiency of phosphoglycerate kinase mRNA in yeast (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 473-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Leader ; phosphoglycerate kinase ; recombinant DNA ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; trailer ; translation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In order to determine the effect of nucleotide composition of the 5′-untranslated (leader) region on the translational efficiency of mRNA in yeast, we replaced a large part of the leader region of the phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) gene by various deoxyoligonucleotides of defined sequence. All mutations left the context of the transcription initiations site and AUG start codon intact. The mutant genes were introduced into yeast cells on a multicopy vector and the ratio of the steady-state levels of PGKmRNA and protein were determined.We found the translational efficiency to be unaffected by the presence of either an 18 nucleotides (nt) long poly A or poly C tract or by sequences consisting of mixtures of A and C residues in any proportion. In contrast, a polyU tract, as well as mixtures of U and C residues, reduced translational efficiency by a factor of two to three, presumably by long-rang base -pairing between the leader and sequences elsewhere in the coding or 3′-non-coding regions of the messenger. In agreement with this hypothesis, a five-fold reduction in translational efficiency was found for an mRNA carrying a polyC tract in the leader as well as a polyG tract in the trailer, neither of which had any effect on translational efficiency by itself. Therefore, we conclude that the leader and trailer regions (including the polyA tail) of PGK mRNA are sufficiently close to base-pair when containing complementary sequences. The resulting secondary structure evidently constitutes a barrier for incoming 40S subunits on their way to the AUG start codon.The presence of an 18 nt long polyG tract in the leader completely abolished translation of the PGK mRNA in accordance with earlier observations. However, we found the leaders containing up to 40% G residues interspersed with either A or U, still allow highly efficient translation. This value is about four times as high as the average G content of leader sequence in naturally occurring yeast mRNAS.Finally, neither deletion of about 40% of the trailer sequence of PGK mRNA, not replacement of this sequence by homopolymer tracts had any effect on translational efficiency.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060604
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and application of an in vivo system to study yeast ribosomal RNA biogenesis and function (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 145-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Ribosome ; processing ; assembly ; translation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have developed a system for mutational analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal RNA in vivo in which yeast cells can be made completely dependent on mutant rRNA and ribosomes by a simple switch in carbon source. The system is based on a yeast strain defective in RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription [Nogi et al. (1991). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 3962-3966]. This normally inviable strain was rescued by integration of multiple copies of the complete 37S pre-rRNA operon under control of the inducible, Pol II-transcribed GAL7 promoter into the rDNA repeat on chromosome XII. The resulting YJV100 strain can only grow on medium containing galactose as the carbon source. A second, episomal vector was constructed in which the rDNA unit was placed under control of the constitutive PGK1 promoter. YJV100 cells transformed with this vector are now also able to grow on glucose-based medium making the cells completely dependent on plasmid-encoded rRNA. We show that the Pol II-transcribed pre-rRNA is processed and assembled similarly to authentic Pol I-synthesised pre-rRNA, making this ‘in vivo Pol II system’ suitable for the detailed analysis of rRNA mutations, even highly deleterious ones, affecting ribosome biogenesis or function. A clear demonstration of this is our finding that an insertion into variable region V8 in 17S rRNA, previously judged to be neutral with respect to processing of 17S rRNA, its assembly into 40S subunits and the polysomal distribution of these subunits [Musters et al. (1989), Mol. Cell. Biol. 9, 551-559], is in fact a lethal mutation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110206
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of phosphoglycerate kinase overproduction in Saccheromyces cerevisiae on the physiology and plasmid stability (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 8 (1992), S. 47-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; yeast ; plasmid stability ; phosphoglycerate kinase ; carbon flux ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In this report the effects of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) overproduction on the physiology and plasmid stability in baker's yeast Saccharomyciae cerevisiae containing the PGK1 gene on an episomal plasmid are described. This examination reveals that there is a preferred intracellular level for this enzyme, amounting to 10-15% of the total soluble protein. Strains containing the plasmid and the host strain were grown in non-selective batch cultures and continuous culture, under different growth conditons. Plasmid-containing yeast strains stabilize the copy number of the episomal plasmid at a level at which the PGK concentration is about 12%. This stabilization is due to an equilibrium between normal plasmid loss and selective pressure because of advantages resulting from the increased amount of PGK under glucose-limited conditions. During respiro-fermentative growth, PGK-overproducing cells showed an increased respiration rate and decreased fermentative activity, compared to the host strain.The PGK1 gene can be applied as a direct positive selection marker to obtain a high episomal plasmid stability during growth on glucose. The results are consistent with previously reported data on the physiology and gene stability of PGK-overproducing yeast cells that contain multiple copies of the PGK1 gene integrated into the genome.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320080105
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