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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 284 (1974), S. 295-306 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Thallium ; Potassium Ferric Cyanoferrate-(II) ; Prussian Blue ; Pharmacokinetics ; Analog Computer Simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of thallium in the rat were investigated with radioactive tracer techniques. The results were used to simulate thallium kinetics on an analog computer on the basis of a three-compartment open model. The half-life of thallium in the rat is approximately four days. Under pretreatment with Prussian Blue it is reduced to approximately two days. An intensive entero-enetral cycle is operative in the rat. The influence of Prussian Blue on thallium kinetics was studied. It is concluded from the results of the simulation that the entero-enteral cycle of thallium is not fully interrupted by Prussian Blue, but slowed down to a considerable extent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 7 (1978), S. 37-45 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Male rats were fed diets containing 0, 1, or 5 ppm parathionad libitum for 28 days. Three other groups of rats were fed diets containing 0, 2, or 10 ppm parathion for 28 days but were fed only 50% of the food intake of the correspondingad libitum groups. Effects on plasma cholinesterase activity and plasma and liver carboxylesterase activities were observed in the 5 ppm and 10 ppm parathion groups. Food restriction increased the inhibition elicited by parathion with each of these parameters. No significant inhibition of brain cholinesterase by parathion alone or with food restriction was observed. Lesions of the pancreas were noted in animals receiving 10 ppm of parathion and subjected to 50% normal food intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: activated charcoal ; antidotal efficacy ; healthy volunteers ; formulation ; paracetamol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The efficacy of several formulations of activated charcoal (AC) was compared by measuring the intestinal absorption of a solution of 1 g paracetamol administered 2 min before administration of 5 g AC as suspension (200 ml), tablets (40 of 125 mg) or capsules (25 of 200 mg). The suspension medium without AC was used as the control treatment. Based on the results of a pilot experiment, an 8 subject panel was used in a two 4×4 Latin square design. All treatments with AC resulted in a statistically significant decrease in paracetamol absorption compared to the control treatment. The suspension was considerably and significantly more effective than the tablets or capsules. Treatment with tablets was slightly but significantly more effective than capsules. The intake of large numbers of tablets and capsules was difficult. In the hospital AC suspensions are available. For first aid elsewhere, at home, at the working place or in the general practitioner's surgery a preservable and easily redispersible AC formulation would be preferable to the present solid forms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 35 (1976), S. 97-106 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Imipramine ; Desipramine ; Activated charcoal ; Intoxication ; Enterohepatic cycle ; Gastroenteral cycle ; Imipramin ; Desipramin ; Aktivkohle ; Vergiftung ; entero-hepatischer Kreislauf ; gastroenteraler Kreislauf
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Tiermodell der Imipraminvergiftung wurde der Einfluß von Aktivkohle auf Imipraminkonzentrationen in den Organen untersucht. Aus nebenbei durchgeführten Verteilungsexperimenten stellte sich heraus, daß für Imipramin und Desipramin ein gastroenteraler Kreislauf vorlag, der quantitativ wichtiger war als der seit langem bekannte enterohepatische Kreislauf. Wiederholte Dosierung mit Aktivkohle führt jedoch zu wechselnden Ergebnissen, soweit es die Organkonzentrationen beider Wirkstoffe betrifft. Das Ergebnis wird interpretiert als eine Folge der starken Gewebsbindung von Imipramin und Desipramin im Gegensatz zu Arzneimitteln wie Acetosal und die Barbiturate, die auch in vivo stark an Aktivkohle adsorbiert werden. Die Ergebnisse führen zu der Schlußfolgerung, daß Aktivkohle nur beschränkt wirksam ist als Antidot bei der Imipramin- und Desipraminvergiftung.
    Notes: Abstract The influence of orally administered activated charcoal on organ concentrations of parenteral imipramine and desipramine was investigated. Ancillary distribution experiments indicated that the gastroenteral cycle of these substances might be more important than the enterohepatic cycle. Nevertheless the effectiveness of repeated activated charcoal dosage in lowering antidepressant concentrations in visceral organs is unpredictable. This is interpreted as a consequence of predominant binding of these drugs in the tissues, in contrast to drugs like acetosal and the barbiturates, which are distributed more evenly in the body water. The conclusion is, that activated charcoal has only limited value as an antidotal adsorbent in imipramine or desipramine poisoning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 43 (1979), S. 153-154 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 49 (1982), S. 311-319 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Amygdalin ; Prunasin ; Diatrizoate ; Pharmacokinetics ; Intestinal absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Amygdalin (d-mandelonitrile-β-d-gentiobioside) is a cyanogenic glycoside claimed to show anti-cancer activity, sold under the incorrect name “Laetrile”. For a sensible discussion of its alleged activity and its established toxicity it is necessary that its fate in the organism is known. The pharmacokinetics of amygdalin have been investigated in the Beagle dog after both intravenous and oral administration. The excretion of amygdalin has also been studied in the rat. Amygdalin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography in plasma ultrafiltrate and urine. The pharmacokinetics of amygdalin after intravenous administration were compared with those of diatrizoate, a model substance for extracellular volume and glomerular filtration. The amygdalin clearance is significantly larger than that of diatrizoate. The volumes of distribution of both substance are the same. After oral administration only a few percents of the amygdalin dose are systemically available. A part of the oral dose is recovered from the urine as prunasin (d-mandelonitrile-β-d-glucoside).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 50 (1982), S. 313-313 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 15 (1976), S. 335-335 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A method is described for the determination of amygdalin and prunasin in plasma ultrafiltrate and urine. Both compounds are separated by high pressure liquid chromatography on a reversed phase column and subsequently detected at 215 nm. The identity of an amygdalin metabolite with prunasin was confirmed by mass spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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