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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of rectal sensitivity and post-prandial motility by granisetron, a 5 HT3-receptor antagonist, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 7 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of granisetron, a specific 5-hydroxytryptamine 3-receptor antagonist, on the anorectal responses to rectal distension and a 1000-calorie meal was assessed in 12 patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Each patient was studied on three occasions, receiving intravenously either 40 mcg/kg granisetron, 160 mcg/kg granisetron or normal saline. Granisetron caused a dose-dependent reduction in rectal sensitivity, manifested by an increase in the threshold volumes at which the sensations of gas, desire to defecate, urgency and discomfort were perceived. This reached significance for all sensations at the higher dose level (P 〈 0.01). No significant changes in anal pressures, rectal compliance or distension-induced motor activity occurred following drug administration. A dose-dependent reduction in post-prandial motility was observed following intravenous granisetron and this was highly significant at 160 mcg/kg (P= 0.005). These results suggest that the 5 hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonists may have a therapeutic role in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1993.tb00087.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of sumatriptan, a new selective 5HT1-like agonist, on liquid gastric emptying in man (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 6 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Paired studies were carried out on 12 healthy male subjects to compare the effect of intravenous doses of the 5-HT1-like agonist sumatriptan (GR43175; 3 mg), 10 mg metoclopramide and saline control on the rate of gastric emptying of a radiolabelled liquid test-meal. Intravenous administration of metoclopramide accelerated gastric emptying by decreasing the lag period, while intravenous administration of sumatriptan delayed gastric emptying by increasing the lag period. The observation that sumatriptan causes a delay in gastric emptying in normal healthy volunteers, but relieves nausea and vomiting during migraine attacks, suggests that sumatriptan may be acting via a central mechanism to relieve symptoms of nausea and vomiting associated with migraine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1992.tb00732.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of two α2-adrenoreceptor agonists and an antagonist on gastric emptying and mouth to caecum transit time in humans (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 1 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Experiments were performed to investigate the effect of two α2-adrenoreceptor agonists, clonidine and lidamidine, and a specific α2-adrenoreceptor antagonist, idazoxan, on gastric emptying and mouth to caecum transit time (MCTT) of a radiolabelled meal in 27 healthy male subjects. Lidamidine (20 mg p.o.) and clonidine (0.3 mg p.o.), given alone had no significant effect on gastric emptying or MCTT suggesting that the anti-diarrhoeal action of clonidine and lidamidine are unlikely to be explained by a slowing of small intestinal transit. Idazoxan (20 mg p.o.) reversed the effect of clonidine in 10 subjects, who showed a delay in MCTT after taking clonidine, but did not alter MCTT under basal conditions. These results suggest that although the sympathetic nervous system can influence upper gastrointestinal motility by an action on α2-adrenoreceptors, this action does not exert a tonic influence on upper gastrointestinal motility under basal conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00652.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of the effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on the rate of gastric emptying of liquid and solid test meals in man (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 1 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Paired studies were carried out on 18 healthy male volunteers (20.9 ± 1.9 years; mean ± S.D.) to compare the effect of oral doses of the H2-receptor antagonists, ranitidine and cimetidine, on the rate of gastric emptying of radiolabelled solid and liquid test meals. Oral administration of ranitidine 300 mg accelerated the emptying of a liquid meal from the stomach, but it had no significant effect on the rate of emptying of a solid meal. Oral administration of either 400 or 800 mg cimetidine did not alter the rate of emptying of either the liquid or the solid meals from the stomach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00640.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of naloxone, domperidone and idazoxan on the delay in gastric emptying induced by ileal lipid (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 1 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Studies were carried out on 22 healthy male volunteers to investigate whether intravenous administration of either the opiate antagonist, naloxone, or the dopamine antagonist, domperidone, or the α2-adrenoreceptor antagonist, idazoxan, could reverse the delay in gastric emptying induced by ileal infusion of lipid emulsion. Ileal infusion of 50% lipid emulsion signficantly delayed the rate of gastric emptying compared with ileal infusion of isotonic saline (P 〈 0.01). Intravenous infusion of naloxone (20 μg kg−1 hour−1) or prior administration of either intravenous domperidone (20 mg) or idazoxan (0.2 mg kg−1) did not inhibit the delay in gastric emptying induced by ileal infusion of lipid emulsion. These observations indicate that feedback regulation of gastric emptying by ileal lipid does not appear to be mediated by either dopaminergic or enkephalinergic neurons, nor by α2-adrenoreceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00643.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of oral vancomycin on chronic idiopathic constipation (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 9 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: A case study reporting the efficacy of oral vancomycin in a patient with chronic idiopathic constipation prompted this prospective trial of oral vancomycin in eight female patients (aged 21–61 years) with severe constipation resistant to the action of dietary fibre. Methods: The trial was divided into two consecutive 14-day periods. During the first period, each patient was given ispaghula, 3.5 g twice a day, and during the subsequent period they took 250 mg vancomycin t.d.s. per os, as well as the fibre supplement. During both periods they collected stools and recorded daily bowel symptoms (stool frequency, straining, stool consistency, subjective stool volume) in a diary. At the end of each period whole gut transit time and the breath hydrogen response to a standard meal, giving oro-caecal transit time, were measured along with gastrointestinal symptoms which were assessed on visual analogue scales. Results: Vancomycin caused a significant improvement in stool frequency, consistency, ease of defecation and the amount of stool patients felt they produced (all P 〈 0.05), but objective measures of daily stool weight and whole gut or oro-caecal transit time were not significantly different. Basal breath hydrogen levels were higher after vancomycin treatment in seven out of eight patients. One patient experienced a complete remission of symptoms when she took vancomycin and remains in remission after 14 months. This patient showed no elevation in basal breath hydrogen level. Conclusion: Although this study does not support the use of vancomycin for most patients with constipation, the results suggest that modification of the intraluminal flora may be of value in the treatment of the occasional case of idiopathic constipation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00353.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rolling review, disorders of gastrointestinal motility–therapeutic potentials and limitations (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1994.tb00166.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of the effects on colon function caused by feeding ispaghula husk and polydextrose (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Polydextrose is a new soluble food ingredient which cannot be digested by intestinal enzymes and so may affect colonic function. Studies in healthy volunteers compared the effects of diet supplementation with 30 g/day polydextrose, a standard dose of 7 g/day ispaghula and two mixtures containing 2 g/day ispaghula with either 30 g/day polydextrose or 10 g/day polydextrose with a control period. During the 10-day periods, the mass, frequency and consistency of faeces were assessed as well as the whole-gut transit time, ease of defaecation, flatulence and palatability of the preparations.All preparations significantly increased the weekly faecal mass above control values (P 〈 0.05) but there were no significant differences between the preparations. Transit time and stool frequency were not affected significantly by any of the preparations (P 〉 0.05). Both preparations supplying 30 g/day polydextrose softened stool consistency equally but the other preparations had no effect. All preparations caused flatulence and other gas-related problems but polydextrose caused more than ispaghula, even at the lowest dose of 10 g/day. More volunteers preferred taking the polydextrose drinks than the sachets of ispaghula which formed a viscous drink with water.Despite superior palatability and equally effective stool bulking, polydextrose is unlikely to be an alternative laxative to ispaghula because of the unacceptable levels of flatulence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1988.tb00725.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anorectal function in normal human subjects: Effect of gender (1989)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 4 (1989), S. 188-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Multiport anorectal manometry and external anal sphincter (EAS) and internal anal sphincter (IAS) electromyography were conducted in 15 males (41±3 years) and 20 females (43±2 years; 5 nulliparous) during rest, maximum conscious sphincter contraction, rectal distension and increases in intra-abdominal pressure. The basal pressure declined within 15 minutes of insertion of the manometric probe to a stable plateau, 55±4% of the initial value. The maximum basal (91±5 vs 61±6 cm water; mean±SEM), minimum basal (43±7 vs 27±3 cm water) and the maximum squeeze pressures (257±20 vs 107±13 cm water) were higher (p〈0.05) in males than females. Distension of a rectal balloon caused a reduction in pressure in all anal channels, that increased in depth and duration as the distending volume was increased. These anal relaxations were associated with rectal contractions and transient increases in the electrical activity of the EAS. Upon deflating the balloon, the anal pressure increased to values that exceeded the pre-inflation values. The pre-inflation (89±4 vs 49±4 cm water), post-inflation (104±9 vs 62±7 cm water) and residual (47±4 vs 30±2 cm water) pressures during rectal distension were significantly higher in males than in females (p〈0.05). The higher residual pressure in males was associated with a higher EAS index during rectal distension (0.94±0.10 vs 0.65±0.10 mv s;p〈0.05). The lowest volume required to cause a desire to defaecate was significantly higher in males than in females (76±7 vs 48±6 ml;p〈0.05) and only 13% of males compared with 55% females (p〈0.01) felt pain during rectal distension with 100 ml. During increases in intra-abdominal pressure, all subjects showed increases in pressures in the outermost anal channels, that were associated with increases in the electrical activity of the EAS and were significantly higher in males compared with females (188±17 vs 98± 9 cm water;p〈0.05). In conclusion, the data suggest that males have stronger internal and external anal sphincters than females, while females have greater rectal sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01649702
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symposium on constipation (1992)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 7 (1992), S. 47-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341288
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