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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytopathology in Austria (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cytopathology 15 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2303
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cervical cancer screening developed rapidly during the 1970s. Today, approximately 1.5 million smears are taken annually, so 50% of the target population are screened every year, 30% are cytologically underserved (24% never had a smears, 6% only once). This figure correlates with the fact that there are still 30% deaths from cervical cancer compared with 1960. Since 1998 a voluntary quality assurance programme was introduced by the Austrian Society of Cytology, based on comparison of results reported from participating laboratories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2303.2004.00125.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How to improve microscopic images obtained with consumer-type digital cameras (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 42 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim: Digital imaging is useful in conventional photography because it immediately provides images, and the image quality can be improved afterwards by the use of computer programs. The major disadvantages of consumer-type digital cameras mounted on microscopes are (i) unequal illumination through the image, and (ii) a coloured background. A computer program was specifically adapted and refined to improve images obtained with consumer-type digital cameras mounted on microscopes.Methods and results: An approach using a division operation between the specimen image and a background image leads to homogeneous illumination throughout the image, with automatically corrected brightness and white background. The correct colour spectrum is preserved by correction of the histogram. This approach was obtained from the freeware computer program ‘Image Arithmetic’. In a test, three different consumer-type digital cameras (Sony, Nikon, Olympus) on different microscopes were used to obtain images of different types of histological specimens (cervical smear, bone marrow biopsy, and colonic biopsy). The computer program dramatically improved the quality of images obtained with all tested cameras.Conclusion: Using this approach, even low-cost digital cameras mounted on microscopes produce brilliant images with homogeneous illumination and a white background, the image quality being comparable with expensive cameras especially designed for microscopes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2003.01604.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of Pseudomelanosis coli in colonic adenomas suggests different pathways of apoptotic bodies in normal and neoplastic colonic mucosa (2000)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 436 (2000), S. 588-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words  Pseudomelanosis coli ; Large bowel ; Colonic adenoma ; Apoptosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Pseudomelanosis coli is characterized by pigment deposition in the lamina propria and caused by increased epithelial apoptosis. Pseudomelanosis coli is absent in colonic neoplasia. The aim of our studies was to investigate this phenomenon in more detail. Apoptotic fragments of epithelial cells and their distribution, cell proliferation (Ki-67, MIB 1 immunostaining), macrophages (CD68 immunostaining), Bcl-2 expression and apoptosis [terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase mediated dUTP fluorescein nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay] were studied in adenomas arising in normal and melanotic colonic mucosa, in normal colonic mucosa and colonic mucosa with pseudomelanosis alone. In adenomas, we found 7.0 apoptotic bodies per 100 epithelial cells in the epithelial layer and only 0.2 apoptotic bodies per high power field (HPF) in the lamina propria. In contrast, in melanotic mucosa 1.7 apoptotic bodies per 100 epithelial cells in the epithelial layer and 2.5 per HPF in the lamina propria were found. Our results show that apoptotic fragments remain in the neoplastic (adenomatous) epithelium and do not reach (at least in higher amounts) the lamina propria. They can, therefore, not contribute to the development of pseudomelanosis in these lesions. However, macrophages are diminished in adenomas. Proliferation (Ki-67) and also Bcl-2 expression are highly increased in adenomas. The pathway of mucosal macrophages is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004289900178
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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