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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of Experimental Arthritis with M2000, a Novel Designed Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 61 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The current study was planned to explore the therapeutic potency of M2000 (β-D-mannuronic acid), a novel designed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in adjuvant-induced arthritis model. Arthritis was induced in Lewis rats by a single intradermal injection (0.1 ml) of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (0.3 mg) in Freund's incomplete adjuvant into the right footpad. Fourteen days after injection of adjuvant, the contralateral left footpad volume was measured. The animals with paw volumes 0.37 ml greater than normal paws were then randomized into treatment groups. Orally and intraperitoneally administrations of test drugs (M2000, 40/mg/kg/day and indomethacin, 2/mg/kg/day) were started on day 15 post-adjuvant injection and continued until final assessment on day 25. The left hind limb was removed for histological evaluation. The WEHI-164 cell line was used for assaying tolerability and matrix metalloproteinase type 2 (MMP-2) activity. MMP-2 activity was assessed using zymography. Pharmacotoxicology study was carried out on animal models based on the evaluation of serum and urine determinants, histology of kidney, gastrointestinal tolerability and body temperature. Results showed that the orally administration as well as intraperitoneally injection of M2000 to arthritic rats induced a significant reduction in paw oedema. Histopathological assessment showed a reduced inflammatory cells infiltrate in joints of treated rats, as well as the number of osteoclasts present in the subchondral bone, tissue oedema and bone erosion in the paws were markedly reduced following M2000 therapy. Cytotoxicity analysis of M2000 showed a much higher tolerability compared with other tested drugs (diclofenac, piroxicam and dexamethasone). The inhibitory effect of M2000 in MMP-2 activity was significantly greater than that of dexamethasone and of piroxicam at a concentration of 200 µg/ml. Moreover, the toxicological study revealed that M2000 had no influence on serum (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride and cholesterol) and urine (urea and urinary protein excretion) determinants, glomerular histology and body temperature in normothermic rats and had no ulcerogenic effects on rats' stomach. Our data show that M2000, as a novel NSAID, could be strongly suggested as the safest anti-inflammatory drug for long-term administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01594.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sodium Alginate as a Novel Therapeutic Option in Experimental Colitis (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 61 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The potential therapeutic effect of low-viscosity sodium alginate (LVA) was studied in a rat model of acute colitis induced by intracolonic administration of acetic acid. This experimental model produced a significant ulcerative colitis. Induction of colitis also significantly enhanced the serum and colonic mucosal cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) and eicosanoid (LTB4 and PGE2) levels, which paralleled with the severity of colitis. LVA solution was administered orally as drinking water at concentration of 0.5% (W/V) for 1 week. The tolerability and inhibitory effect of LVA on matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were tested using WEHI-164 cell line and zymography method. The results showed that LVA therapy is able to significantly reduce colonic damage score, histological lesion, serum and colonic mucosal IL-6, TNF-α, LTB4 and PGE2 levels in treated group compared with nontreated controls. Moreover, in vitro examinations revealed that treatment with LVA could diminish MMP-2 activity. It is concluded that LVA is able to suppress acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Some of the action of LVA may be associated with its inhibitory effects on cytokine and eicosanoid production and MMP-2 activity. Our data suggest that LVA could potentially be a novel therapeutic option for inflammatory bowel disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01571.x
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    Catull 66, 1 und der neue Kallimachosfund (1934)
    Berlin, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Philologus. 89 (1934) 385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-7985
    Topics: Classical Studies
    Notes: Miszellen
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:0215-1934-089-00-000034
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    Aetna 107 (1935)
    Berlin, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Philologus. 90 (1935) 250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-7985
    Topics: Classical Studies
    Notes: Miszellen
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:0215-1935-090-00-000034
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  • 5
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    Unknown
    Properz II 12, 18 (1935)
    Berlin, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Philologus. 90 (1935) 253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-7985
    Topics: Classical Studies
    Notes: Miszellen
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:0215-1935-090-00-000035
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer production by two newly isolated extremely halophilic archaea: application of a novel corrosion-resistant bioreactor (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 319-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A novel corrosion-resistant bioreactor composed of polyetherether ketone (PEEK), tech glass and silicium nitrite ceramics was constructed and applied for the cultivation of two newly isolated, extremely halophilic archaea producing poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA), or poly(β-hydroxy butyric acid) (PHB), respectively. These bacteria were isolated from hypersaline soil close to Aswan (Egypt). The isolate strain 40, which is related to the genus Natrialba, produced large amounts of PGA when cultivated on solid medium. Culture conditions were optimised applying the corrosion-resistant bioreactor. PGA production was dependent on NaCl concentration and occurred about at 20% (w/v) NaCl in the medium. A maximum cell density of about 1.6 g cell dry matter/l was obtained when the bioreactor was stirred and aerated in a batch fermentation process using proteose-peptone medium. The supernatant was monitored with respect to PGA formation, and after 90 h a maximum of 470 mg/l culture volume was detected by HPLC analysis. Culture conditions were optimized for the isolate 56, which accumulated PHB as intracellular granules. Batch fermentations in the stirred and aerated bioreactor applying acetate and n-butyric acid as carbon sources led to cell density of 2.28 g cell dry matter/l and a maximum PHB accumulation contributing to about 53% of cellular dry weight. About 4.6 g PHB were isolated from 10.6 g dried cells of strain 56, which exhibited a weight average molar mass of 2.3 × 105 g mol−1 and a polydispersity of about 1.4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000394
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial alginates: biosynthesis and applications (1997)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 48 (1997), S. 281-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Alginate is a copolymer of β-d-mannuronic acid and α-l-guluronic acid (GulA), linked together by 1–4 linkages. The polymer is a well-established industrial product obtained commercially by harvesting brown seaweeds. Some bacteria, mostly derived from the genus Pseudomonas and belonging to the RNA superfamily I, are also capable of producing copious amounts of this polymer as an exopolysaccharide. The molecular genetics, regulation and biochemistry of alginate biosynthesis have been particularly well characterized in the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, although the biochemistry of the polymerization process is still poorly understood. In the last 3 years major aspects of the molecular genetics of alginate biosynthesis in Azotobacter vinelandii have also been reported. In both organisms the immediate precursor of polymerization is GDP-mannuronic acid, and the sugar residues in this compound are polymerized into mannuronan. This uniform polymer is then further modified by acetylation at positions O-2 and/or O-3 and by epimerization of some of the residues, leading to a variable content of acetyl groups and GulA residues. In contrast, seaweed alginates are not acetylated. The nature of the epimerization steps are more complex in A. vinelandii than in P. aeruginosa, while other aspects of the biochemistry and genetics of alginate biosynthesis appear to be similar. The GulA residue content and distribution strongly affect the physicochemical properties of alginates, and the epimerization process is therefore of great interest from an applied point of view. This article presents a survey of our current knowledge of the molecular genetics and biochemistry of bacterial alginate biosynthesis, as well as of the biotechnological potential of such polymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051051
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro synthesis of poly(3-hydroxydecanoate): purification and enzymatic characterization of type II polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases PhaC1 and PhaC2 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract For the first time, the purification has been achieved of the type II polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases PhaC1 and PhaC2 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa applying N-terminal His6-tag fusions and metal chelate affinity chromatography. In vivo His6-tagged PHA synthase activity was confirmed by functional expression of the corresponding genes in Escherichia coli, and PHA synthase activity could also be measured in vitro with the enzymes. The specific enzyme activity of PHA synthases PhaC1 and PhaC2 was 0.039 U mg−1 and 0.035 U mg−1 protein, respectively. Kinetic studies showed a lag phase for both PHA synthases using (R,S)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA as substrate. Specific enzyme activity was increased to 0.055 U mg−1 when the phasin GA24 from Ralstonia eutropha was added to the assay. CoA inhibited PHA synthase activity, and a K i of 85 μM was determined. A two-enzyme system was established, employing commercially available acyl-CoA synthetase and PHA synthase, which allowed the in vitro de novo PHA granule formation and the in vitro synthesis of poly(3-hydroxydecanoate) exhibiting a weight average molar mass of 9.8 × 104 g mol−1, and which occurred independently of pre-existing PHA granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000357
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homologous functional expression of cryptic phaG from Pseudomonas oleovorans establishes the transacylase-mediated polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthetic pathway (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 665-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Various pseudomonads are capable of the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), composed of medium chain length (MCL) 3-hydroxy fatty acids (C6—C14), when grown on simple carbon sources such as, for example, gluconate or acetate. In Pseudomonas putida, the fatty acid de novo synthesis and PHA synthesis are linked by the transacylase PhaG. Southern hybridization experiments with digoxigenin-labeled phaG Pp from P. putida and genomic DNA from various pseudomonads indicate that phaG homologues are present in various other pseudomonads. Although P. oleovorans does not accumulate PHAMCL from non-related carbon sources, its genomic DNA reveals a strong hybridization signal. We employed PCR to amplify this phaG homologue. The respective PCR product comprising the coding region of phaG Po was cloned into pBBR1MCS-2, resulting in plasmid pBHR84. DNA sequencing revealed that putative PhaGPo from P. oleovorans exhibited about 95% amino acid sequence identity to PhaGPp from P. putida. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis demonstrated that phaG Po was not transcribed even under inducing conditions, i.e. in the presence of gluconate as carbon source, whereas induction of phaG Pp transcription was obtained in P. putida. When octanoate was used as sole carbon source, only low levels of phaG mRNA were detected in P. putida. Plasmid pBHR84 complemented the phaG-negative mutant PhaGN-21 from P. putida. Interestingly, reintroduction of phaG Po under lac promoter control into the natural host P. oleovorans established PHAMCL synthesis from non-related carbon sources in this bacterium. These data indicated that phaG Po in P. oleovorans is not functionally expressed and does not exert its original function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000441
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and thermodynamics of liquid crystalline polyesters and copolyesters (1993)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 271 (1993), S. 529-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Liquid crystalline polyesters and copolyesters ; aliphatic spacers ; quasi binary system ; mesogenic unit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the influence of aliphatic spacers with different lengths on the phase diagram of LC main chain copolyesters, based on x-ray and calorimetric measurements. The thermodynamic description is based on the assumption that considers each sequence, composed of mesogenic unit and spacer, as a “particle”. This allows to interpret the phase diagram of copolyesters as a quasi binary system. General features, such as an azeotropic point found in LC copolyesters, are related to the differences of the excess energies in LC and other phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00657983
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