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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial variation of activation energy in undoped high-resistivity bulk GaAs (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 912-915 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In undoped semi-insulating GaAs grown by the liquid encapsulated Czochralski or vertical gradient freezing technique mesoscopic electrical nonuniformities correlated to the cellular structure of dislocations exist which are mainly caused by the enrichment of the deep defect level EL2 in the dislocation-rich cell walls. In undoped GaAs crystals with a transition semi-insulating/medium resistivity in the transition region, the resistivity fluctuations between cell walls and cell interiors are much more pronounced (up to three orders of magnitude) and must be caused by different donors. A point contact technique developed for the detection of such nonuniformities was used to measure activation energies separately in cell walls and in cell interiors. In this way, it could be shown that also other defects or impurities than the EL2 are accumulated in the cell walls so that different donor species dominate the electrical properties of cell walls and of cell interiors. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous temperature dependence of the Hall mobility in undoped bulk GaAs (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 3832-3835 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Undoped liquid encapsulated Czochralski grown GaAs crystals with a transition from semi-insulating to medium-resistivity behavior show unusual low values of the Hall mobility at 300 K in this transition region. Moreover, in samples of this region an anomalous temperature dependence of μH characterized by an increase of μH with increasing temperature for T〈400 K is observed. By model calculations using a standard effective medium theory it is shown that this anomalous behavior of the Hall mobility is due to the existence of mesoscopic electrical nonuniformities connected with the cellular structure of dislocations. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365747
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  • 3
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    UNIVERSITY REFORM IN RELATION TO THEOLOGICAL STUDY (1866)
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The Contemporary Review. 1 (1866:Jan./Apr.) 518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0010-7565
    Topics: General, Interdisciplinary
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:0274-1866-001-00-000027
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  • 4
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    The Constitution of the Disestablished Church of Ireland (1870)
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The Contemporary Review. 15 (1870:Aug./Nov.) 180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0010-7565
    Topics: General, Interdisciplinary
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:0274-1870-015-00-000010
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of cyclosporine a uptake in human erythrocytes (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 46 (1994), S. 417-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Cyclosporine A ; uptake ; human erythrocytes ; HPLC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract More than 70% of cyclosporine A (CsA) is bound to erythrocytes at whole blood concentrations of 50–1000 ng·ml−1. Cytosolic CsA is bound to the erythrocyte peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase cyclophilin. Measurements of serum CsA levels under clinical conditions are hampered by a temperature-dependent translocation of CsA into erythrocytes during cooling of the probes to room temperature. In order to characterize the kinetics of CsA uptake and to find a specific uptake inhibitor, we developed a method to measure the velocity of uptake based on rapid cooling of the erythrocyte suspension. The total erythrocyte-binding capacity for CsA amounted to 43·10−5 nmol per 106 erythrocytes or 2.6·105 molecules per erythrocyte. Whereas the erythrocyte-binding capacity of CsA was temperature-independent between 10°C and 42°C, uptake kinetics of CsA were temperature-dependent. The Arrhenius plot for CsA uptake in human erythrocytes was linear and no transition temperature between 0°C and 42°C could be detected. Therefore the CsA uptake process in human erythrocytes did not fulfil the criteria of carrier-mediated transport. This indicates that CsA diffuses passively into human erythrocytes. Hence, erythrocyte CsA uptake cannot be specifically inhibited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191903
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of methyl chloride by human erythrocytes (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 351-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Erythrocytes ; Human ; Methyl chloride ; Glutathione S-transferases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Erythrocyte cytoplasm of rats, mice and humans was incubated in head space vials with methyl chloride and the decline in concentration of the substance monitored as a parameter of metabolism. The production of S-methylglutathione was controlled by tlc. Rats, mice, bovines, pigs, sheep and rhesus monkeys showed no conversion of methyl chloride in erythrocyte cytoplasm. About 60% of the human blood samples showed a significant metabolic elimination of the substance (conjugators), whereas about 40% did not (non-conjugators). The production of S-methylglutathione indicated enzymatic metabolism of the substance by glutathione S-transferases. In literature, a “major” and “minor” form of human erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase has been described. The results indicate that the “minor” form is probably responsible for the unique metabolism of methyl chloride in human erythrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303122
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative investigation of the metabolism of methyl bromide and methyl iodide in human erythrocytes (1990)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 62 (1990), S. 221-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Methyl chloride ; Methyl bromide ; Methyl iodide ; Human erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase ; Toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human erythrocyte cytoplasm was incubated in head space vials with either methyl bromide or methyl iodide. The decline in concentration of the two methyl halides was monitored by gas chromatography. Simultaneously, the production of S-methylglutathione was determined by thin layer chromatography. In parallel experiments, boiled erythrocyte cytoplasm was used in order to determine non-enzymatic conjugation. Furthermore, inhibition experiments with sulfobromophthalein were performed. The results were compared with previous findings on the metabolism of methyl chloride. In contrast to methyl chloride, both methyl bromide and methyl iodide showed a significant non-enzymatic conjugation with glutathione. In addition, an enzymatic conjugation could be observed in the erythrocyte cytoplasm of the majority of the population, whereas a minority lacks this enzymatic activity. This is consistent with findings on methyl chloride. Inhibition experiments show that a minor form of the erythrocyte glutathione transferase may be responsible for the enzymatic conjugation. Of the three monchalogenated methanes, methyl bromide is the substrate with the highest affinity for the conjugating enzyme(s). In the case of methyl iodide, non-enzymatic reaction overweighs the enzymatic process. There are possible implications of the results for occupational health and the toxicity of the substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379437
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfluß von frühem frontoorbitalem Advancement auf das Wachstum von Stirnhöhle und Supraorbitalregion (1998)
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 2 (1998), S. S41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kraniosynostose ; Frontoorbitales Advancement ; Wachstumsstörungen der Stirnhöhle und Supraorbitalregion ; Key words Craniosynostosis ; Fronto-orbital advancement ; Disturbance of growth in the frontal region
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In 12 patients with craniosynostosis the influence of early fronto-orbital advancement on the growth of the frontal sinus and supraorbital region was examined. A follow-up examination at the age of 8 years showed a lack of pneumatisation of about 50%. However, there was no correlation between this score and the external contour. The frontal sinus has no dominant influence on the growth of the supraorbital region. In 9 out 12 of cases the very early operation time did not lead to disturbances of growth. A further follow-up examination of the patients after termination of growth at the age of 16 is planned.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 12 Patienten mit Kraniosynostosen wurde der Einfluß eines frühen frontoorbitalen Advancements auf das Wachstum von Stirnhöhle und Supraorbitalregion untersucht. Dabei zeigte sich bei einer Untersuchung im 8. Lebensjahr eine Verminderung der Pneumatisation um 50%. Dieser Wert korrelierte jedoch nicht mit der äußeren Kontur. Der Stirnhöhle kann kein dominierender Einfluß auf das Wachstum der Supraorbitalregion zugeschrieben werden. Der sehr frühe Operationszeitpunkt führte in 9 von 12 Fällen nicht zu Wachstumsstörungen. Eine weitere Untersuchung des Patientenkollektivs mit 16 Jahren nach vollständigem Abschluß des Wachstums wäre wünschenswert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014477
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver in an adult patient with metastasis of the heart and brain (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Undifferentiated sarcoma ; Embryonal sarcoma ; Heart ; Brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 26-year-old woman with a tumor of the left liver lobe was admitted to the hospital. After incomplete resection of the tumor and histological diagnosis of an undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver a combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide and epidoxorubicine was started. 11 months later brain metastases were diagnosed. Routine ultrasound examination of the heart disclosed a pericardial tumor infiltrating the left atrium of the heart. After radiation therapy of the brain metastases the patient was treated with two cycles of high-dose ifosfamide and epidoxorubicin. Two years after diagnosis the patient developed signs of cardiac failure and died. Postmortem autopsy confirmed the local recurrence of the liver neoplasm and revealed its continuous spread to the pericardium via the diaphragm and infiltration of the left atrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189313
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Standardized uptake values of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose: the value of different normalization orocedures (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 23 (1996), S. 571-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Positron emission tomography ; Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ; Standardized uptake value ; Semiquantitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract While the evident advantages of absolute metabolic rate determinations cannot be equalled by static image analysis of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic (FDG PET) studies, various algorithms for the normalization of static FDG uptake values have been proposed. This study was performed to compare different normalization procedures in terms of dependency on individual patient characteristics. Standardized FDG uptake values (SUVs) were calculated for liver and lung tissue in 126 patients studied with wholebody FDG PET. Uptake values were normalized for total body weight, lean body mass and body surface area. Ranges, means, medians, standard deviations and variation coefficients of these SUV parameters were calculated and their interdependency with total body weight, lean body mass, body surface area, patient height and blood sugar levels was calculated by means of regression analysis. Standardized FDG uptake values normalized for body surface area were clearly superior to SUV parameters normalized. for total body weight or lean body mass. Variation and correlation coefficients of body surface area-normalized uptake values were minimal when compared with SUV parameters derived from the other normalization procedures. Normalization for total body weight resulted in uptake values still dependent on body weight and blood sugar levels, while normalization for lean body mass did not eliminate the positive correlation with lean body mass and patient height. It is concluded that normalization of FDG uptake values for body surface area is less dependent on the individual patient characteristics than are FDG uptake values normalized for other parameters, and therefore appears to be preferable for FDG PET studies in oncology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00833394
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