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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    INTESTINAL BLOOD FLOW IN THE DOG MEASURED BY INDICATOR FRACTIONATION WITHOUT TISSUE SAMPLES (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 4 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A modification of Sapirstein's indicator fractionation technique for measurement of intestinal blood flow has been studied and evaluated in the dog.The concentration of 42K within the intestinal wall was measured simultaneously by a tissue assay procedure and by use of a miniature Geiger-Müller tube within the intestinal lumen. Both methods gave similar results under a wide variety of conditions.Isotope measurement by the Geiger-Müller tube technique obviates the need for tissue samples to be taken and would permit repeat measurements of intestinal blood flow in the same animal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1977.tb02620.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Serum blocks the osteolytic effect of cortisol in neonatal mouse calvaria (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 189-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone resorption ; Glucocorticoid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Chronic glucocorticoid excess is associated with the development of osteoporosis and, in human subjects, there is histomorphometric evidence of increased bone resorption. Paradoxically, most in vitro studies have suggested that glucocorticoids inhibit bone resorption but recently two groups have demonstrated increased osteolysis in glucocorticoid-treated bone organ cultures. The present study reexamines the effect of cortisol on basal bone resorption in neonatal mouse calvaria with particular emphasis on the effect of serum supplementation of the media. In the absence of serum, 45Ca release was significantly stimulated by 10-7 M cortisol (treatment/control 1.37+-0.06, P〈0.005) and by 10-6 M cortisol (treatment/control 1.27+-0.08, P〈0.005). The stimulation of resorption by 10-7 M hydrocortisone was progressive from 24 to 96 hours of incubation. In contrast, when calvaria were incubated in the presence of 5% serum, bone resorption was not increased by cortisol (10-8 M-10-6 M). In the presence of 5% charcoal-stripped, heat-inactivated serum, there was a small stimulation of 45Ca release at 10-6 M hydrocortisone only (treatment/control 1.19 +-0.06, P〈0.01). Incubation of bones with indomethacin did not modify the effect of cortisol in either the presence or absence of serum. In serum-free conditions, cortisol 10-8 M significantly inhibited the rate of thymidine incorporation, though at higher concentrations this effect was not seen. Cortisol produced a dose-related inhibition of serumstimulated thymidine incorporation. It is concluded that the presence of serum substantially modifies the effect of cortisol on basal bone resorption. The cortisol-induced stimulation of bone resorption which is seen in serum-free conditions is sustained over time and is not mediated by alterations in prostaglandin synthesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298799
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bone mineral density of the proximal femur and lumbar spine in glucocorticoid-treated asthmatic patients (1992)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 2 (1992), S. 103-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Schlagwort(e): Bone mineral density ; Steroid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The importance of the proximal femur as a site of osteoporotic fractures, the development of techniques for bone mineral density (BMD) measurement at this site and the apparent selectivity of the osteopenic effects of glucorticoids have focused attention on the assessment of proximal femoral BMD in steroid-treated subjects. We have, therefore, measured BMD (Lunar DPX) in the lumbar spine and proximal femur of 31 asthmatic patients receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy (mean ± SEM dose 16 ± 1 mg prednisone/day, mean duration 10 ± 2 years). BMD values expressed as the percentage of normal age- and sex-appropriate mean values, after weight adjustment, were as follows: lumbar spine 80 ± 2%, femoral neck 83 ± 2%, Ward's triangle 78 ± 3% and trochanter 86 ± 2%. All these values were significantly less than control (p〈0.0001) and the decrement in BMD was more marked in Ward's triangle than at the other two femoral sites (p〈0.05). In all regions BMD was unrelated to dose or duration of steroid treatment. It is concluded that there are reductions in the BMD of the lumbar spine and proximal femur in glucocorticoid-treated asthmatics, probably reflecting the mixed cortical/trabecular makeup of both regions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623844
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Steroid osteoporosis (1993)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 144-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Conclusion With the relatively poor documentation of the effectiveness of interventions in steroid osteoporosis conclusions regarding optimal management remain tentative. It seems sensible to measure bone density in all individuals who appear likely to be on long-term steroid therapy. In those judged to be at risk of fractures on the basis of this measurement, the institution of some prophylactic regimen is advisable. Calcium supplements, thiazide diuretics and, where appropriate, sex hormone replacement therapy are suitable first-line agents. In those with established osteoporosis and in those showing continuing deterioration in bone mineral density in spite of these interventions, the use of other agents discussed may be indicated. In the future, the availability of second-generation bisphosphonates in an oral formulation may make the prevention and treatment of this condition much more straightforward.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01621890
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Volumetric bone density of the lumbar spine is related to fat mass but not lean mass in normal postmenopausal women (1994)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 4 (1994), S. 362-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Schlagwort(e): Body composition ; Densitometry ; Obesity ; Osteoporosis ; X-ray
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We have previously found that fat mass but not lean body mass is related to bone mineral density (BMD) in women. In these and most other studies of the dependence of BMD on body composition, areal rather than volumetric bone density was measured. It is possible that the dependence of this variable on body size introduced a scale artifact that contributed to the previous findings. The present study addresses this issue by measuring thevolumetric density of the third lumbar vertebra from simultaneous anteroposterior (AP) and lateral scans using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 119 normal postmenopausal women. Whole body fat and lean body mass were also measured using this technique. In the AP projection, BMD was similarly related to body weight and to fat mass (r=0.44,p〈0.0001 for both) but not to lean body mass (r=0.17, NS). BMD in the lateral projection was less closely related to body composition than was AP BMD, but the greater impact of fat (r=0.25,p〈0.01) than lean body mass (r=0.09, NS) was still evident. When AP or lateral BMDs were divided by height, arm span or the square root of the scan area to produce an index with the dimensions of volumetric density, the dependence of BMD on body weight and fat mass were not affected but the relationship to lean body mass was eliminated (−0.02〈r〈0.09). Similarly, the volumetric density of the third lumbar vertebra was related to fat mass (r=0.21,p=0.02) but not to lean body mass (r=0.01). It is concluded that BMD is related to fat mass and that previously reported associations between lean body mass and BMD are probably contributed to by a scaling factor arising from failure to measure volumetric bone density.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622199
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Treated Addison’s Disease (1999)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 10 (1999), S. 435-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Addison’s disease – Bone mineral density – Steroids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: Some studies have reported low bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with Addison’s disease, whereas others have found BMD to be normal. It is possible that over-replacement of corticosteroids and adrenal androgen deficiency may contribute to a reduction in BMD in these patients. The aims of this study were to examine BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in patients with treated Addison’s disease at multiple skeletal sites and to investigate the relationships between these measurements and corticosteroid dose. Nineteen men, 3 premenopausal and 7 postmenopausal women with Addison’s disease were studied and data from these patients were analyzed separately and as a group. The mean SEM age and duration of Addison’s disease of the men were 44 ± 3.8 years and 15 ± 2.2 years, in the premenopausal women 40 ± 2 years and 5 ± 2.4 years, and in the postmenopausal women 68 ± 4 years and 20 ± 5 years, respectively. Eight men were unexpectedly hypogonadal (serum testosterone 〈13 nmol/l). BMD was expressed as a percent of values in normal controls (n= 418) adjusted for age, sex, ethnic origin, menopausal status and body weight. In the whole group (n= 29), mean BMD of the patients with Addison’s disease was not different from normal at any site [mean (± SEM) lumbar spine 99.5%± 2.9%; femoral neck 99.3%± 2.5%; Ward’s triangle 96.2%± 3.5%; trochanter 99.2%± 2.9%; radius 99.8%± 2.1%; total body 98.5%± 1.4%]. However, there was a wide range of bone densities, with some patients having a low BMD at multiple sites. Bone density was negatively correlated with current and cumulative corticosteroid dose per kilogram body weight and duration of Addison’s disease. In conclusion, BMD in patients with Addison’s disease is little different from normal, but may be lower in patients with disease of long duration and a high cumulative corticosteroid dose. Unexpected hypogonadism in men with Addison’s disease is common.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050251
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differences in hip axis and femoral neck length in premenopausal women of Polynesian, Asian and European origin (1997)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 7 (1997), S. 344-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Schlagwort(e): Ethnicity ; Hip fracture ; Osteoporosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract There are substantial inter-racial differences in hip fracture incidence. Studies in several different ethnic groups have suggested that differences in the length of the femoral neck may contribute to these. The present study assesses femoral neck and hip axis lengths in three ethnic groups in which it has not been documented previously (Chinese, Indians and Polynesians) and compares these values with those in Europeans. Lengths were measured from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of the proximal femur in normal premenopausal women (n=225). The Polynesian (1.65 m) and European (1.64 m) women were significantly taller than the two Asian groups (mean height in each, 1.58 m). There were also differences in mean body weight, the Polynesians being the heaviest (76 kg) and the Chinese the lightest (53 kg). Femoral neck lengths were (mean + SD) Chinese 61.5+4.4 mm, Indian 61.5+5.1 mm, Polynesian 68.2+4.3 mm and Europeans 66.0+4.8 mm. Hip axis lengths were Chinese 98.0+5.6 mm, Indian 94.5+5.2 mm, Polynesian 106.4 ± 5.3 mm and European 102.3+5.3 mm. Each of the other groups were significantly different from the Europeans for both variables and, in general, this remained so after height adjustment. These data suggest that shorter femoral necks are common to the major Asian racial groups. However, in contrast to all other ethnic groups studied, Polynesians have longer femoral necks than Europeans and their low incidence of hip fracture is not explicable, therefore, in terms of their femoral neck length. This suggests that either higher bone density or other more subtle differences in proximal femoral geometry must account for the low hip fracture incidence in Polynesians.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623775
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Insulin Increases Histomorphometric Indices of Bone Formation In Vivo (1996)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 59 (1996), S. 492-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Insulin — Osteoblasts —In vivo— Calvariae — Histomorphometry.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract. Recent clinical studies have established that bone density is related to both fat mass and circulating insulin levels. A direct action of insulin on the osteoblast may contribute to these relationships. Osteoblast-like cells have insulin receptors, and insulin has been shown to stimulate proliferation of these cells in vitro. However, it has not been possible to study the effects of insulin administration on bone in vivo because of the metabolic effects of insulin, particularly hypoglycemia. A model involving the local injection of insulin over one hemicalvaria of an adult mouse overcomes these difficulties and permits the histomorphometric study of insulin's action on bone. Insulin or vehicle was injected daily for 5 days over the right hemicalvariae of adult mice, and the animals were sacrificed 1 week later. All indices of bone formation were significantly increased in insulin-treated hemicalvariae compared with the noninjected hemicalvariae. There was a 2.73 ± 0.50-fold increase in osteoid area (P= 0.005), a 2.20 ± 0.37-fold increase in osteoblast surface (P= 0.021) and a 2.04 ± 0.29-fold increase in osteoblast number (P= 0.012). Indices of bone resorption tended to decline and mineralized bone area tended to increase in insulin-treated animals. The direct action of insulin on bone may contribute to the increased bone density seen in obesity and to the osteopenia of type I diabetes, conditions associated with insulin excess and deficiency, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369216
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Insulin increases histomorphometric indices of bone formation In vivo (1996)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 59 (1996), S. 492-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Insulin ; Osteoblasts ; In vivo ; Calvariae ; Histomorphometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Recent clinical studies have established that bone density is related to both fat mass and circulating insulin levels. A direct action of insulin on the osteoblast may contribute to these relationships. Osteoblast-like cells have insulin receptors, and insulin has been shown to stimulate proliferation of these cells in vitro. However, it has not been possible to study the effects of insulin administration on bone in vivo because of the metabolic effects of insulin, particularly hypoglycemia. A model involving the local injection of insulin over one hemicalvaria of an adult mouse overcomes these difficulties and permits the histomorphometric study of insulin's action on bone. Insulin or vehicle was injected daily for 5 days over the right hemicalvariae of adult mice, and the animals were sacrificed 1 week later. All indices of bone formation were significantly increased in imsulin-treated hemicalvariae compared with the noninjected hemicalvariae. There was a 2.73±0.50-fold increase in osteoid area (P=0.0005), a 2.20±0.37-fold increase in osteoblast surface (P=0.021) and a 2.04±0.29-fold increase in osteoblast number (P=0.021). Indices of bone resorption tended to decline and mineralized bone area tended to increase in insulin-treated animals. The direct action of insulin on bone may contribute to the increased bone density seen in obesity and to the osteopenia of type I diabets, conditions associated with insulin excess and deficiency, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369216
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ototoxicity associated with intravenous bisphosphonate administration (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 584-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Pamidronate ; Paget's disease
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The development of ototoxicity in association with intravenous pamidronate treatment of Paget's disease is described. The patient developed hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus which were exacerbated by subsequent infusions. This potentially serious drug side-effect does not appear to have been reported previously in patients with Paget's disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298594
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