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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6424-6426 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We measured the magnetic properties and examined the microstructure of Pt/Co multilayers sputtered at ambient temperature on ZnO underlayers grown between 25 and 500 °C. For ZnO grown at 150 °C, the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy of Pt/Co multilayers was a maximum, ∼1.1×107 erg/cm3, and then decreased monotonically to ∼3×106 erg/cm3 for ZnO grown at 500 °C. From measuring the angular dependence of magnetic coercivity, we deduced that magnetic reversal was by domain-wall motion in multilayers on low temperature (≤200 °C) ZnO, and predominantly by rotation on high-temperature ZnO. By cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy of Pt and Co layers on ZnO, we determined that all layers were rougher for high ZnO growth temperatures, although higher temperature promoted better multilayer (111)-fcc texture. The microstructure of Pt/Co multilayers on high-temperature ZnO was also particulate or granular, compared to more continuous on low-temperature ZnO. We concluded that the multilayer roughness reduced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and that particulate structural features caused magnetic reversal by rotation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A Suss Advanced Lithography X-ray Stepper designed as a production tool for high throughput in the sub-quarter-micron device range has been installed and is being commissioned at the University of Wisconsin's Center for X-ray Lithography (CXrL). Illumination for the stepper is provided by a scanning beamline designed and constructed at CXrL. The beamline optical components are a gold-coated plane mirror, a 1-micron-thick silicon carbide window, and a 25-micron-thick beryllium exit window. Beamline features include synchronized scanning of the mirror and exit window, variable scan velocity to compensate for reflectivity changes as a function of incident angle, and a horizontal oscillation of the beryllium window during vertical scanning to average the effects of nonuniform beryllium window transmission. A helium purged snout transports the x-rays from the beamline exit window, to the exposure plane in the stepper. This snout is retractable to allow for the loading and unloading of masks into the stepper. The motions of the mirror, exit window, and snout are computer controlled by a LABVIEW program that communicates with the stepper control software. The design of the beamline and initial operating experiences with the beamline and stepper will be discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 2371-2373 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This letter illustrates with AlN/CrN multilayers that optical superlattices, comprised of multilayers of a uv transmitting dielectric layer and a metallic layer, offer a systematic approach to design and fabricate partially transmitting, phase-shift masks for photolithography. From the measured optical constants of sputtered AlN/CrN multilayers, it was found that films had π-phase shift and tunable optical transmission between 5% and 15% at 365, 248, and 193 nm. We compared the optical properties of sputtered AlN/CrN multilayers to "ideal" superlattices, calculated from the measured optical properties of individual thick CrN and AlN layers, and to compositionally equivalent psuedobinary alloys of (AlN)1−x(CrN)x. Although optical properties for all three systems were nearly the same, which is attractive because it implies wide process lattitude, we found systematic differences that were attributed to their individual structures. A phase shift mask with 6% transmission at 365 nm was fabricated with a 1650-Å-thick (25 Å AlN+25 Å CrN) multilayer film. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 1005-1012 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements were made at the gold and silver freezing points to demonstrate the accuracy of the new optical fiber thermometer (OFT). It is shown that the output signal from the OFT is related to the radiance from a blackbody source in a simple manner and that the temperature interval between the gold and silver freezing points, as determined with the OFT, is close to other recent results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 1635-1637 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electrical characteristics of ultrathin oxides used in an x-ray lithography n-channel metal-oxide-silicon process grown at 700 and 950 °C were studied. The breakdown field exceeded 15 MV/cm for both low and high temperature oxides and the interface trap density of the fresh oxide was of order of 1010 cm−2 eV−1. Oxides grown at 950 °C had a lower interface trap density than 700 °C oxides, but 950 °C oxides are more sensitive to x-ray radiation damage. After 350 °C hydrogen annealing about 80% of the radiation damage in the form of interface traps was recovered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The accuracy of ultrasound imaging to identify lumbar intervertebral level was assessed in 50 patients undergoing X-ray of the lumbar spine. Using an ultraviolet marker, an anaesthetist attempted to mark the L2/3, L3/4 and L4/5 intervertebral spaces. A radiologist unaware of these marks attempted to mark the same spaces with the aid of ultrasound imaging. X-ray-visible pellets were taped to the back at the various marks prior to lateral lumbar X-ray. Ultrasound imaging identified the correct level in up to 71% of cases, but palpation was successful in only 30% (p 〈 0.001). Up to 27% of marks using the palpation method were more than one spinal level above or below the assumed level using palpation, but none were more than one level high or low using ultrasound guidance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 757 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 8 (1969), S. 442-448 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 47 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two techniques have been developed to examine the three-dimensional internal structure of otoliths. In the first, otoliths were sectioned serially, images were digitized, and the otolith was reconstructed as a computer model. In the second method growth increments were marked in vivo during their formation by immersing the fish in a fluorescent dye, and then the internal structure of the otolith visualized using laser cytometry. The results are useful for evaluating the potential for bias in otolith measurements and for determining the sectional plane with the least bias.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 22 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Tegaserod is a promotility agent with proven efficacy and safety in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.Aim : To assess tegaserod's effect on work productivity and daily activity.Methods : Women, 18–65 years old and meeting Rome II criteria for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation, were randomized to a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study of tegaserod 6 mg b.d. or placebo. Productivity loss and daily activity impairment because of irritable bowel syndrome were measured with the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire for irritable bowel syndrome, modified to exclude diarrhoea as a symptom. Assessments were made at baseline, weeks 2 and 4.Results : A total of 2660 women were randomized and, of these, 1675 [tegaserod (n = 1363), placebo (n = 312)] were employed and completed Work Productivity and Activity Impairment for irritable bowel syndrome questionnaires. Compared with placebo, tegaserod significantly reduced work and daily activity impairment at weeks 2 and 4. Tegaserod reduced absenteeism by 2.6% (P = 0.004), presenteeism by 5.4% (P 〈 0.0001), overall work productivity loss by 6.3% (P 〈 0.0001), and activity impairment by 5.8% (P 〈 0.0001) at week 4 (vs. baseline). Assuming a 40-h workweek, tegaserod reduced work productivity loss by 2.5 h/week.Conclusions : Tegaserod significantly reduced work productivity loss and daily activity impairment at 2 weeks, and this benefit was maintained at 4 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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