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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of heliotherapy on skin and joint symptoms in psoriasis: a 6-month follow-up study (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 128 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of heliotherapy on psoriasis skin lesions and arthritis was studied in a trial comprising 4 weeks of therapy in the Canary Islands and a 6-nionth follow-up period, A total of 373 patients participated in the heliotherapy and in patients completed the follow-up period. The severity of skin lesions was evaluated using a psoriasis severity index (PSI), and that of the arthropathy by using an arthritis index (AI).During heliotherapy, the PSI decreased significantly from the initial median value of 4.5 to the final value of 0.2, A reduction in the PSI of at least 75% was achieved in 84% of the patients. Guttate psoriasis improved significantly better than plaque-type or erythrodermic psoriasis. There was no correlation between skin type and improvement. Initially, 129 patients had symptoms of arthritis. During heliotherapy, the AI decreased significantly from the initial median value of 6 to the final value of 2.The median time until starting another treatment after heliotherapy was 80 days, and the PSI had returned to its original value in 49% of the patients in 6 months. In patients with joint symptoms the AI returned to the pretreatment level within 6 months.A 4-week heliotherapy period effectively cleared psoriasis, alleviated joint symptoms, and reduced both morbidity and treatment requirement to a considerable extent in the ensuing 6-month period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb15147.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concordance for Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in a population-based cohort of twins in Finland (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 1060-1067 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; twins ; prevalence ; concordance ; heritability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the cumulative incidence, concordance rate and heritability for diabetes mellitus in a nationwide cohort of 13,888 Finnish twin pairs of the same sex. The twins were born before 1958 and both co-twins were alive in 1967. Data on diabetes were derived through computerized record linkage from death certificates, the National Hospital Discharge Register and the National Drug Register. Records were reviewed in order to assign a diagnostic category to the 738 diabetic patients identified. Of these patients 109 had Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes, 505 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, 46 gestational diabetes, 24 secondary diabetes, 38 impaired glucose tolerance and 16 remained unclassified. The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 1.4 % in men and 1.3 % in women aged 28–59 years and 9.3 % and 7.0 % in men and women aged 60 years and over, respectively. The cumulative incidence did not differ between monozygotic and dizygotic twins. The concordance rate for Type 1 diabetes was higher among monozygotic (23 % probandwise and 13 % pairwise) than dizygotic twins (5 % probandwise and 3 % pairwise). The probandwise and pairwise concordance rates for Type 2 diabetes were 34% and 20% among monozygotic tiwns and 16% and 9 % in dizygotic twins, respectively. Heritability for Type 1 diabetes was greater than that for Type 2 where both genetic and environmental effects seemed to play a significant role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02221682
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiology of childhood diabetes mellitus in Finland — background of a nationwide study of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 70-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; epidemiology ; genetic-environmental interaction ; incidence ; familial occurrence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A nationwide study of childhood Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus was established in 1986 in Finland, the country with the highest incidence of this disease worldwide. The aim of the project called “Childhood Diabetes in Finland” is to evaluate the role of genetic, environmental and immunological factors and particularly the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in the development of Type 1 diabetes. From September 1986 to April 1989, 801 families with a newly-diagnosed child aged 14 years or younger at the time of diagnosis were invited to participate in this study. The vast majority of the families agreed to participate in the comprehensive investigations of the study. HLA genotypes and haplotypes were determined in 757 families (95%). Our study also incorporates a prospective family study among non-diabetic siblings aged 3–19 years, and two case-control studies among the youngonset cases of Type 1 diabetes. During 1987–1989, the overall incidence of Type 1 diabetes was about 35.2 per 100,000 per year. It was higher in boys (38.4) than in girls (32.2). There was no clear geographic variation in incidence among the 12 provinces of Finland. Of the 1,014 cases during these 3 years only six cases were diagnosed before their first birthday. The incidence was high already in the age group 1–4-years old: 33.2 in boys and 29.5 in girls. Of the 801 families 90 (11.2%) were multiple case families, of which 66 had a parent with Type 1 diabetes at the time of diagnosis of the proband. The prevalence of Type 1 diabetes in the parents of these newly-diagnosed diabetic children was higher in fathers (5.7%) than in mothers (2.6%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400854
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence trends in childhood onset IDDM in four countries around the Baltic sea during 1983–1992 (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; incidence ; secular trends.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We present secular trends of childhood onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania during the period of 1983–1992. Incidence data were obtained from the national IDDM registries. The average age-standardized incidence per 100 000/year was 35.0 in Finland, followed by 10.2 in Estonia, 7.1 in Lithuania and 6.5 in Latvia. A male excess in incidence was recorded in Finland (1.15) and Latvia (1.01). In all countries, the highest age-specific risk of IDDM was observed in the 11–13 year age range. The large difference in incidence between Finland and other Baltic countries was seen even in 1–2-year-old children. During the 10-year study period overall changes in incidence of IDDM were relatively small in these four countries. The incidence increased in Finland and Lithuania on average by 1 % and 1.4 % per year, respectively. A statistically significant increase was recorded only in 0–4 year old children in Finland, at 5.6 % per year. In Estonia, an 8.3 % increase in this age group, however, was not statistically significant. The different trends in the age-group specific incidence rates were confirmed in Finland. In conclusion, from 1983 to 1992 the incidence of childhood onset IDDM was increasing in Finland and Lithuania, while in Latvia and Estonia it was stable. There are still great differences in IDDM incidence between the countries around the Baltic Sea. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 187–192]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050661
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decline of mumps antibodies in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children and a plateau in the rising incidence of Type 1 diabetes after introduction of the mumps-measles-rubella vaccine in Finland (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 1303-1308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Mumps ; mumps antibodies ; mumps-measlesrubella vaccination ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A nationwide mumps-measles-rubella vaccination was introduced in 1982 in Finland to children aged 1.5 to 6 years and since then mumps has virtually disappeared in the country. We investigated whether this rapid epidemiological change had any impact on antibody activity against mumps virus in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children or on the incidence of Type 1 diabetes in Finland. Two case-control series were collected before (series I and II) and three series after (series III–V) the introduction of the vaccination. IgA class mumps antibody levels were significantly higher in Type 1 diabetic children than in matched control children in the first two but not in the three later series. IgG class antibody levels were similar in patients and control subjects in the first two series but significantly lower in patients than in control subjects in the three later series. The overall incidence of Type 1 diabetes in 0–14-year-old children increased until 1987 but remained about the same during 1988–1990. In 5–9-year-old children no further increase in Type 1 diabetes was seen since 1985, whereas in 0–4-year-old children the incidence continued to rise until 1990. The results suggest that the elimination of natural mumps by mumps-measles-rubella vaccination may have decreased the risk for Type 1 diabetes in Finland; a possible causal relationship is substantiated by the observed concomitant decrease in mumps antibody levels in diabetic children. However, further studies are required to determine if the vaccine virus, like natural mumps, could trigger the clinical onset of Type 1 diabetes in young children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400810
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of autoantibodies and their relation to genetic and metabolic markers of Type I diabetes in initially unaffected schoolchildren (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 457-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Autoantibodies, FPIR, HLA, schoolchildren, Type I diabetes.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. To study temporal changes in positivity for autoantibodies associated with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and the relations between these antibodies, HLA-DQB1-risk markers and first-phase insulin response (FPIR) in non-diabetic schoolchildren.¶Methods. The stability of the antibody status over 2 years was assessed in 104 schoolchildren initially positive for islet cell antibodies (ICA) or antibodies to the 65 000 Mr isoform of the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) or both and in 104 antibody-negative control children matched for sex, age and place of residence. All children were also studied for their first-phase insulin response and HLA-DQB1 alleles on the second occasion.¶Results. On the second occasion 3 of the 98 initially ICA-positive children, 3/13 of those positive for antibodies to the IA-2 protein (IA-2A), 1/17 GADA-positive and 2/7 of those positive for insulin autoantibodies (IAA) tested negative for these antibodies. Children with IA-2A, GADA, IAA and multiple ( ≥ 2) antibodies had significantly lower first-phase insulin responses than the control children. In contrast, these responses did not differ between subjects with and without specific HLA-DQB1-risk alleles or genotypes. Of the six subjects with a considerably reduced first-phase insulin response three had multiple antibodies on both occasions but none of them had a DQB1 genotype conferring increased diabetes risk. Two subjects progressed to Type I diabetes within 3.4 years of follow-up, both of them having multiple antibodies and a considerably reduced first-phase insulin response but neither of them having a DQB1-risk genotype.¶Conclusions/interpretation. Positivity for diabetes-associated autoantibodies is a relatively stable phenomenon in unaffected schoolchildren, although conversion to seronegativity can occur occasionally. Our observations also indicate that DQB1 alleles associated with decreased susceptibility to Type I diabetes do not protect from impaired beta-cell function or from progression to overt disease in initially unaffected schoolchildren. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 457–464]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051329
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing trend in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in childhood in Finland (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 282-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 diabetes ; incidence ; epidemiology ; time trends ; Finland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Central Drug Registry in Finland ascertained 5,920 incident cases of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus diagnosed under the age of 15 years, during 1965–1984. The incidence was higher for males 29.2/100,000 (95% confidence intervals 28.2–30.2/100,000) than for females 26.1/100,000 (25.1–27.1/100,000). A non-linear increase in incidence with age was confirmed, with peaks at ages 2,9 and 14 years in males and at 3,5–6 and 11 years in females. A significant temporal variation in incidence was found, adjusting for age and sex. During 1965 to 1984 the incidence rose by about 57% or by 2.4% annually. However, a non-linear curve with two incidence peaks in 1978 and 1983 would better describe the temporal pattern than a linear trend. There was no significant difference in the temporal variation between males and females. The changes in diabetes risk appeared to affect proportionally all age groups under 15 years. Two possible mechanisms were explored: a calendar period effect vs a birth cohort effect. The calendar time period effect was significant alone and also when adjusted for the birth cohort effect. One the contrary, the birth cohort effect was not significant, when adjusted for the calendar period effect. In conclusion, over the past two decades, the incidence of childhood Type 1 diabetes in Finland has increased by about 57%. The pattern of change was a steady rising background incidence superimposed by sudden outbreaks suggesting environmental causative factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405089
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of cardiovascular disease in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects with and without diabetic nephropathy in Finland (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 784-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Diabetes mellitus ; nephropathy ; cardiovascular disease ; epidemiology ; stroke ; coronary heart disease.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study evaluates the impact of diabetic nephropathy on the incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke and any cardiovascular disease in the Finnish population, which has a high risk of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. We performed a prospective analysis of the incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke and cardiovascular disease in all Type 1 subjects in the Finnish Type I diabetes mellitus register diagnosed before the age of 18 years between 1 January 1965 and 31 December 1979 nationwide. The effect of age at onset of diabetes, attained age at the end of follow-up, sex, diabetes duration and of the presence of diabetic nephropathy on the risk for cardiovascular disease was evaluated. Cases of nephropathy, coronary heart disease, stroke and all cardiovascular diseases were ascertained from the nationwide Finnish Hospital Discharge Register and National Death Register using computer linkage with the Type I diabetes mellitus register. Of the 5148 Type 1 diabetic patients followed up, 159 had a cardiovascular event of which 58 were coronary heart diseases, 57 stroke events and 44 other heart diseases. There were virtually no cases of cardiovascular disease before 12 years diabetes duration. The cumulative incidence of cardiovascular disease by the age of 40 years was 43 % in Type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy, compared with 7 % in patients without diabetic nephropathy, similarly in men and women. The relative risk for Type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy compared with patients without diabetic nephropathy was 10.3 for coronary heart disease, 10.9 for stroke and 10.0 for any cardiovascular disease, similarly in men and women. The presence of nephropathy in Type I diabetic subjects increases not only the risk of coronary heart disease, but also of stroke by tenfold. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 784–790]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050988
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abstracts of papers who drug utilization research group meeting (1987)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 9 (1987), S. 330-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01956515
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