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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 30 (1965), S. 4234-4247 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biochemistry 32 (1963), S. 419-462 
    ISSN: 0066-4154
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 15 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Much of the connective tissue degradation that takes place in periodontal diseases is mediated by proteolytic enzymes. Previous studies have focused on the action of proteinases released by invading polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages, and bacterial enzymes. In view of recent work establishing that resident connective tissue cells can be induced by cytokines to bring about the destruction of their own matrix, we propose a new hypothesis. In this we envisage that a critical step is the interaction of bacterial antigens with inflammatory cells, resulting in the production of a cytokine, interleukin-1. Our interpretation of in vitro evidence is that the loss of connective tissue attachment and bone matrix resorption in periodontal diseases is mediated by metalloproteinases such as collagenase and stromelysin released by cells of the periodontium. Such proteolytic destruction can be induced by interleukin-1, whose production may not be dependent on a specific microbial flora but may be triggered by a number of organisms. It is now clear that interleukin-1 has multiple actions on both immune and non-immune cells; these include the induction of lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation and the stimulation of bone and cartilage resorption, and prostaglandin and metalloproteinase synthesis by connective tissues. It seems likely that further knowledge about the production and function of this cytokine will have an increasing impact in many diseases that involve resorption, particularly since interleukin-1-like molecules can be produced by cell types other than monocytes/macrophages, including keratinocytes and fibroblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) collagenase, gelatinase A (72 kDa gela-tinase), stromelysin, and their specific inhibitor TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases), were immunolocalized using specific polyclonal antisera in gingival tissues from 21 patients with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. Monoclonal antibodies against macrophages (Leu-M5), B cells (Leu-14), helper T cells (OKT4), suppressor T cells (OKT8) and the HLA-DR epitope were also used to identify leukocyte subsets. MMPs were observed in connective tissues at sites that histologically showed signs of remodelling. The number and distribution of positive cells varied widely, however, not only between individual biopsy specimens, but also within the same specimen. The same was true for the composition and distribution of the inflammatory cell infiltrate. Moreover, although there was a positive correlation between the number of MMP-producing cells and the severity of inflammation in some specimens, for others with comparable leukocyte subset scoring the number was reduced and sometimes absent altogether. Cells secreting MMPs were fibroblasts, macrophages and epithelial cells. It was not possible to determine unequivocally whether a MMP-positive cell within the connective tissue was a fibroblast or a macrophage, since the antisera recognise both fibroblast and macrophage MMPs and the different fixation requirements for MMPs (4% paraformaldehyde) and Leu-M5 (acetone) precluded co-localization on the same section. TIMP-1 was immunolocalized within connective tissue cells at sites of tissue remodelling. Our results support the hypothesis that tissue-derived MMPs may be involved in tissue remodelling in periodontal disease and conclusively demonstrate that epithelial cells may be involved as well as connective tissue cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Interleukin-1 ; Metalloproteinase Collagenase ; Cartilage ; Arthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To assess the effects of interleukin-1 on intact articular cartilage in vitro, explants from young and adult rabbits were cultured with interleukin-1 and the distributions of the matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. One to 2-week-old cartilage chondrocytes synthesized collagenase in response to pure or crude interleukin-1 (monocyte conditioned medium), with subarticular cells most responsive. Collagenase synthesis was not stimulated in adult articular chondrocytes when explants were treated with either pure or crude interleukin-1. Stromelysin, gelatinase and TIMP-1 could not be demonstrated within any zone of the cartilage, indicating that their synthesis was not stimulated by either pure or crude interleukin-1. The addition of fibroblast growth factors, either alone or in combination with interleukin-1, did not modify these responses. These results contrast markedly with observations on cultured chondrocyte monolayers, where interleukin-1 treatment induces near co-ordinate expression of metalloproteinases. To assess the effects of interleukin-1 in vivo, it was injected into adult rabbit knee joint spaces and the articular cartilage subsequently analysed for evidence of altered metalloproteinase production by immunocytochemistry. No significant increase in metalloproteinase or TIMP-1 synthesis by chondrocytes was detected, although the cartilage matrix showed a marked loss of toluidine blue metachromasia. We conclude that metalloproteinases are not involved in the rapid loss of proteoglycan from cartilage matrix in these situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 262 (1976), S. 226-227 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Total radioactivity in liver perfusion medium (solid line), and the proportion precipitable by TCA (dashed line), with time after introduction of 14C-glucosamine into the perfusate. The perfusion medium consisted of 2.6 g % (w/v) bovine plasma albumin in bicarbonate buffer9 with bicarbonate ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 257 (1975), S. 243-244 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fibroblast-like cells grown out from primary explants of rabbit synovium were dissociated mechanically or by a trypsin-EDTA mixture and then grown to confluence in glass prescription bottles in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) fortified with 10% foetal calf serum (PCS). Cells from the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 22 (1976), S. 468-469 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 10 (1972), S. 302-313 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Diphosphonates ; Bone resorption ; Mouse ; Pyrophosphate ; Tissue culture ; 45Calcium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Deux diphosphonates, le disodium-éthane-1-hydroxyle-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) et le disodium dichlorométhylène diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), inhibent la résorption osseuse, induite par des cellules au niveau de calottes craniennes, cultivées pendant 48 heuresin vitro, lorsque ces substances sont ajoutées au milieu. Le Cl2MDP est plus actif que l'EHDP, à des doses variant 0–16 μg P/ml. Le pyrophosphate et l'imidodiphosphate n'inhibent pas la résorption osseuse à des doses comparables. Lorsque les deux diphosphonates sont injectés à des sourisin vivo avant mise en culture, la résorption osseuse observéein vitro est considérablement réduite: à une dose de 10 μg P/g de poids corporel de Cl2MDP, elle est presque totalement inhibée. Cet effet est rapide et dure plusieurs jours. Les conséquences de ces résultats et la méthode d'essai d'inhibiteurs de la résorption osseuse par la méthode combinéein vivo/ in vitro sont envisagées.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Zwei Diphosphonate, Dinatrium-äthan-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonat (EHDP) und Dinatrium-Dichloromethylendiphosphonat (Cl2MDP), hemmen zellbedingte Knochenresorption von Mäuseschädeldächern, welche während 48 Stdin vitro kultiviert worden waren, wenn diese Substanzen dem Nährmedium zugegeben werden. Im Dosierungsbereich von 0–16 μg P/ml ist Cl2MDP wirksamer als EHDP. Pyrophosphat und Imidodiphosphat blockieren die Knochenresorption bei entsprechenden Dosen nicht. Wenn die zwei Diphosphonate Mäusenin vivo injiziert werden, bevor das Explantat hergestellt wird, ist die nachfolgende Knochenresorptionin vitro stark vermindert; bei einer Dosierung von 10 μg P/g Körpergewicht von Cl2MDP ist die Resorption fast gänzlich blockiert. Diese Wirkung erfolgt rasch und dauert während einigen Tagen an. Die Folgerungen aus diesen Ergebnissen sowie das Verfahren, Knochenresorptionshemmer mittels kombinierterin vivo/in vitro-Methode zu prüfen, werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Two diphosphonates, disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and disodium dichloromethyle diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), inhibit cell-mediated bone resorption of mouse calvaria cultivated for 48 hoursin vitro, when the compounds are added to the medium. Cl2MDP is more effective than EHDP over the dose range 0–16 μg P/ml. Pyrophosphate and imidodiophosphate do not block bone resorption at comparable dose levels. When the two diphosphonates are injected into micein vivo before explants are prepared, subsequent bone resorptionin vitro is considerably reduced; at a dose level of 10 μg P/g body weight of Cl2MDP it is almost completely blocked. This effect is rapid and persists for several days. The implications of these results and the method of testing inhibitors of bone resorption by the combinedin vivo/in vitro method are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 218 (1968), S. 1178-1179 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Our previous in vitro experiments6'7 showed that calcitonin prevents the formation of multinucleate osteo-clasts and their ability to mobilize bone mineral. To investigate further the mode of action of calcitonin we have developed a system for bone culture in which the hormone rapidly inhibits bone ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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