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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON SINGLE-UNIT RESPONSES IN THE THALAMUS AND CORTEX OF THE CHIMPANZEE UNDER SEDATION (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 162 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb56416.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrophage Activation by Lymphokines and after Direct Contact with Sensitized Lymphocytes: Histocompatibility Requirements and the Effect of Inhibitors (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 7 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A comparison was made between two procedures which give rise to in vitro activation of normal mouse peritoneal macrophages: (1) normal macrophages were incubated for 22 h with sensitized lymphocytes and antigen (assay A), and (2) normal macrophages were incubated for 70 h with supernatants from sensitized lymphocytes and antigen (assay B). The activation of macrophages was measured as an increase in 1-14C glucose oxidation. Combinations of lymphocytes and macrophages from different mouse strains demonstrated that activation of macrophages in assay A, but not in assay B, required cells which were derived from strains of mice sharing identical H-2 antigens. Treatment of lymphocytes with mitomycin C blocked the activation of macrophages in both assays. Addition of α-L-fucose (0.1 m) during the incubation period blocked the activation of macrophages in assay B, but not in assay A. It is concluded that there is a qualitative difference between the two methods for activating macrophages and that direct contact between lymphocytes and macrophages is probably necessary in assay A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1978.tb00445.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of ulcerative colitis with an engineered human anti-TNFα antibody CDP571 (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFα) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine whose expression is increased in the colonic mucosa of patients with active ulcerative colitis. TNFα antibodies have been shown to be beneficial in animal models of bowel inflammation and in Crohn's disease but have not previously been studied in ulcerative colitis.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Patients with mild/moderate ulcerative colitis were treated openly with a single intravenous infusion of 5 mg/kg of an engineered human IgGγ4 antibody CDP571 and monitored for 8 weeks.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Fifteen patients entered the study, eight males and seven females, with a mean age of 44 years. Eleven had left-sided disease, four extensive disease and six patients were steroid-unresponsive. The treatment was well tolerated and plasma half-life of CDP571 was ≈7 days. There was a significant reduction from 6.7 to 4.6 (P = 0.023) in the mean Powell–Tuck score by 1 week post-infusion and a reduction to 5.5 was seen at 2 weeks (P = 0.218). Significant but modest reductions also occurred in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum C reactive protein in the first 2 weeks. Mean Interleukin-6 plasma concentrations fell from 6.9 to 5.4 pg/mL by week 1, and to 6.1 pg/mL by week 2 (NS). Reductions in sigmoidoscopic score and number of liquid stools were noted but failed to reach statistical significance.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:A consistent improvement in disease activity was seen in the initial 2 weeks after infusion and the treatment was well tolerated. These promising results support the testing of CDP571 in a larger controlled trial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00251.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the effects of concanavalin-A and epidermal growth factor on epithelial cell proliferation in the rat intestine (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Concanavalin-A, the lectin present in Jack beans, binds to mannose- and glucose-containing residues and can interact with the epidermal growth factor receptor and moderate cell proliferation in vitro.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To compare the actions of concanavalin-A and epidermal growth factor on the gastrointestinal tract in vivo.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Rats maintained on total parenteral nutrition were given intragastric concanavalin-A, intravenous epidermal growth factor or concanavalin-A and epidermal growth factor. Cell proliferation and crypt fission were assayed in ‘micro-dissected’ crypts.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Concanavalin-A and epidermal growth factor both significantly elevated proliferation in the small intestine and colon. No significant interaction between the effects of these two agents was seen, except in the mid small intestine where there was a synergistic interaction. Concanavalin-A had no effect on crypt branching. Epidermal growth factor significantly reduced branching in the distal small intestine and mid colon.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:The effects of the two agents appeared to be separate, except in the mid small intestine where they were additive. This is in marked contrast with the actions reported in vitro, where concanavalin-A is a powerful inhibitor of epidermal growth factor-induced cell proliferation. Concanavalin-A thus has potential for enhancing the functions of the small intestine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01025.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rectal bismuth subsalicylate as therapy for ulcerative colitis (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a prospective open study, 15 patients with ulcerative colitis which was unresponsive to conventional therapy were treated with enemas containing bismuth subsalicylate (700 or 800 mg b.d.).Nine out of the 15 patients showed a significant clinical response, and 6 had gone into complete clinical remission after 8 weeks. treatment. Sigmoidoscopic appearances of the rectal mucosa showed improvement in 9 out of 15 patients at 2 weeks, and 11 out of 15 at 8 weeks. The mucosa appeared sigmoidoscopically normal in 6 out of 15 at 8 weeks. It proved possible to reduce the oral prednisolone dosage from a median of 15 mg/day (range 10 to 35 mg/day) to 6 mg/day (range 0 to 18 mg/day) after 8 weeks of treatment; 5 patients were no longer taking oral steroids at this time.Rectal bismuth subsalicylate appears likely to be an effective therapy in ulcerative colitis and controlled trials are now required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1990.tb00480.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of corticosteroid-resistant ulcerative colitis with heparin —a report of 16 cases (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Heparin, a group of sulphated glycosaminoglycans, in addition to its anticoagulant activity, has a wide range of potentially anti-inflammatory effects. These include inhibition of neutrophil elastase and inactivation of chemokines. Previous reports of fortuitous improvement in ulcerative colitis patients treated with heparin for prophylaxis of venous thrombosis, prompted us to perform a pilot study in patients with corticosteroid-resistant ulcerative colitis.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Sixteen hospitalized patients in relapse from ulcerative colitis and unresponsive to high-dose corticosteroid therapy were treated with intravenous standard heparin (subcutaneous in two patients), the dose was adjusted to provide standard anticoagulant activity. Five patients continued with subcutaneous injections on discharge, with a gradual reduction in the frequency of doses.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Within 1 week of starting heparin, 12/16 patients had shown a considerable reduction in stool frequency. After 2 weeks of heparin therapy median stool frequency had improved from 8.0/day (range 6.3–10.0) pre-treatment to 3.5/day (2.5–5.25) (P=0.008), and by 4 weeks 12/16 achieved clinical remission. Four patients required elective colectomy. Three patients were treated with heparin on a second occasion during a relapse, two failed to respond and required subsequent colectomy. Nine remain well. No serious complications were seen due to the anticoagulant activity, apart from bruising at subcutaneous injection sites.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:The response to heparin in patients with ulcerative colitis resistant to standard therapy is encouraging and supports the previous uncontrolled evidence for a therapeutic effect. A controlled trial of heparin in ulcerative colitis is clearly indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00252.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5-amino salicylic acid absorption and metabolism in ulcerative colitis patients receiving maintenance sulphasalazine, olsalazine or mesalazine (1996)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 10 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: All 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) preparations are potentially nephrotoxic, but there has been concern that newer delivery systems may increase this risk, either because of altered absorption or altered metabolism. Previous studies of 5-ASA absorption and excretion have usually either been performed in healthy controls or have only examined short-term therapy. 5-ASA and N-acetyl-5-ASA have therefore been measured in blood samples, and N-acetyl-5-ASA in urine samples, from patients with ulcerative colitis on long-term maintenance with different 5-ASA preparations and compared with sensitive markers of renal damage. Methods: Patients receiving mesalazine (Asacol) (n=13), sulphasalazine (n=12) or olsalazine (Dipentum) (n=8), all at doses within the recommended range were studied. Six-hour and trough serum concentrations of 5-ASA and N-acetyl-5-ASA and 24-h urinary excretion of N-acetyl-5-ASA were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Absorption of 5-ASA, assessed as 24-h excretion of N-acetyl-5-ASA expressed as molar % of ingested dose, was greater in patients receiving mesalazine, 23.25±10.65% (mean±s.d.; n=13), than those receiving sulphasalazine (11.16±10.52%, n=12; P=0.003) or olsalazine (9.70±3.89%, n=8; P〈0.002). The ratio of 5-ASA:N-acetyl-5-ASA in the serum 6 h after dose was also greater with mesalazine (1.02±0.44, mean±s.d.) than sulphasalazine (0.54±0.44, P〈0.02) or olsalazine (0.38±0.44, P〈0.005). Urinary markers of tubular damage were increased in four of 33 patients, but showed no correlation with concentration of 5-ASA or N-acetyl-5-ASA in serum and N-acetyl-5-ASA in urine, nor with lifetime dose or average daily dose of 5-ASA. Conclusions: In patients with ulcerative colitis receiving maintenance 5-ASA therapy there was greater absorption and less acetylation of 5-ASA from mesalazine (Asacol) compared with sulphasalazine or olsalazine, but no evidence from this study that this resulted in increased nephrotoxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1996.85257000.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chimpanzee Performance: Computer Analysis of Electroencephalograms (1968)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 220 (1968), S. 879-881 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Electroencephalograms were recorded from chimpanzees trained to play tic-tac-toe. Parameters selected by computer analysis served to discriminate between two phases of the game and between correct and incorrect ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/220879a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the Fate of Different 125I-DNP-HSA Conjugates in Mouse Peritoneal Cells, Spleen and Liver in Vivo, and in Mouse Peritoneal Cells in Vitro (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 2 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The degree of uptake of DNP 125I-HSA (= DNP *HSA) conjugates by mouse peritoneal exudate (PE) Cells in vivo and their retention in The- spleen and liver depended on the density of hapten per carrier molecule. Forty to 400 times more DNP29*HSA and DNP39*HSA were ingested by PE cells as compared to HSA alone. Significantly more DNP29*HSA and DNP39*HSA persisted in the spleen and liver after intraperitoneal injection than *HSA, DNP6*HSA or DNP11*HSA. *HSA, DNP6*HSA, and DNP11*HSA were rapidly catabolized after uptake in macrophages in vitro, but a small amount of these antigens was associated with the cells. About 50% of the *HSA was membrane-bound. *HSA conjugated with DNP29 or DNP39 was more rapidly catabolized by PE cells than when it was present in low-density hapten-carrier conjugates. More of the high-density conjugates were associated with the PE cells than was the case with the other conjugates, and again about 50% of the radioactivity was msembrane-bound. Thus, the degree of metabolism and persistence of *HSA in vitro was also related to the density of hapten on the carrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1973.tb02049.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paper electrophoretic separation of tuberculin constituents (1954)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 427-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Methoden zur papierelektrophoretischen Trennung von antigenen Komponenten von Tuberkulin werden beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02318509
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