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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 13 (1998), S. 385-390 
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: hydrolysis ; sol-gel kinetics ; FT-Raman spectroscopy ; hybrid sol-gel materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The base catalyzed sol-gel process in the system 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS)/3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) is highly interesting for the synthesis of hybrid (inorganic-organic) polymers. FT-Raman spectroscopy with excitation in the near infrared as a versatile tool for in situ measurements was used to monitor the kinetic behavior of the hydrolysis reaction. An unexpected slow-down of the hydrolysis of GPTS recorded at higher temperatures can be attributed to a decrease of the pH-value during hydrolysis caused by silanol groups. After condensation has started, the pH-value reincreases and forces hydrolysis to reaccelerate. The results strongly suggest the existence of a pentacoordinated transition state with a negative charge at the silicon atom during base catalyzed hydrolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: 1,2-Diphospha-3,4-diboretanes ; 1,3-diphospha-2,4,5-triborolane derivative ; preparation ; molecular structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,2-Diphospha-3,4-diboretanes and 1,3-Diphospha-2,4,5-triborolane: Synthesis and Structure as well as Calculations on the Molecular Structure On the Effect of Substituents on the Structure of 1,2-Diphospha-3,4-diboretane[2 + 2]-Cyclocondensation reactions led to the synthesis of the 1,2-diphospha-3,4-diboretanes [(t-BuP)2B2(NMe2)2], 1 a, and [(t-BuP)2B(NMe2)B(NiPr2)], 1 b. Their molecular structures have been determined by X-ray methods, and these are compared with the structure of [(t-Bu)P—BN(iPr2)]2, 2 a. Compounds 1 show a folded B2P2 four membered ring having tert.-butyl groups in anti-positions. Ab initio calculations on 1,2-diphospha-3,4-diboretanes demonstrate that two conformers with anti-orientation of the substituents at the phosphorus atoms can be expected. These differ by the relative orientation of the almost planar P2BR groups to the BP2 plane. The influence of substituents (H and NH2 at the B atoms, and H and Me at the P atoms) on the ring conformation has been studied. Finally, the first derivative of a 1,3-diphospha-2,4,5-triborolane, 3 a, is reported.
    Notes: Durch [2 + 2]-Cyclokondensationen wurden die 1,2-Diphospha-3,4-diboretane [(t-BuP)2B2(NMe2)2], 1 a, und [(t-BuP)2B(NMe2)B(NiPr2)], 1 b, dargestellt, ihre Molekülstrukturen mit Röntgenbeugungsmethoden bestimmt und mit der Struktur von [(t-Bu)P—B(NiPr2)]2, 2 a, verglichen. In den Verbindungen 1 liegen gefaltete B2P2-Vierringe vor mit anti-ständigen tert.-Butylgruppen, während das Ringsystem in 2 a planar gebaut ist, die tert.-Butylgruppen aber ebenfalls anti-Stellung einnehmen. Ab initio-Rechnungen an 1,2-Diphospha-3,4-diboretanen belegen, daß zwei unterschiedliche Konformere mit anti-Orientierung der Substituenten an den P-Atomen stabil sind, die sich durch die relative Orientierung der annähernd trigonal-planaren P2BR-Baugruppen zur BP2-Ebene voneinander unterscheiden. Der Einfluß von Substituenten (H und NH2 am B-Atom, H und CH3 am P-Atom) wird ermittelt. Beschrieben wird ferner das erste Derivat eines 1,3-Diphospha-2,4,5-triborolans, 3 a.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Phosphanediyl ; Halogenocyclotetraphosphanes ; NMR Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: In situ Generation of [PX] and Insertion into (tBuP)3, (X = Cl, Br). Synthesis of the Functionalized Cyclophosphanes (tBuP)3PX, [1-(tBu)(X)P-2,3,4-(tBu)3]P4 and Structure Analysis of (tBuP)3PClThe redox system PX3/SnX2 (X = Cl, Br) can be used as a source for the in situ generation of halogenphosphanediyl [PX]. In the presence of tri-t-butylcyclotriphosphane (tBuP)3 the intermediately formed [PX] is added to a ring P atom followed by an insertion reaction, which leads to a ring expansion, whereby monohalogenocyclotetraphosphanes (tBuP)3PX (X = Cl, Br; 1, 2) are formed. Excess [PX] does not lead to further ring expansion but through a complex reaction course to the functionalized cyclotetraphosphanes [1-(tBu)(X)P-2,3,4-(tBu)3]P4, 3 (X = Br); 7 (X = Cl). 1, 2 and 3 could be obtained in a pure form and NMR and mass spectroscopically, 7 31P-NMR spectroscopically, characterized. For 1 and 7 31P—35,37Cl-isotopic shifts could be identified. 1 was further characterized by an X-ray structure analysis.
    Notes: Das Redoxsystem PX3/SnX2 (X = Cl, Br) kann als Quelle zur in situ-Bildung von Halogenphosphandiyl [PX] verwendet werden. In Gegenwart von Tri-t-butylcyclotriphosphan (tBuP)3 wird intermediär auftretendes [PX] zuerst an ein Ring-P-Atom addiert, dann unter Ringexpansion insertiert, wobei Monohalogenocyclotetraphosphane (tBuP)3PX (X = Cl, Br; 1, 2) gebildet werden. Überschüssiges [PX] führt nicht zu einer weiteren Ringexpansion; vielmehr entstehen in einem komplexen Reaktionsverlauf die funktionalisierten Cyclotetraphosphane [1-(tBu)(X)P-2,3,4-(tBu)3]P4, 3 (X = Br); 7 (X = Cl). 1, 2 und 3 konnten in reiner Form isoliert und NMR- sowie massenspektroskopisch, 7 31P-NMR-spektroskopisch, charakterisiert werden. Bei 1 und 7 konnten 31P—35,37Cl-Isotopieverschiebungen nachgewiesen werden. Von 1 wurde eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse durchgeführt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: P4Si ring systems ; NMR data, crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of the Silatetraphospholanes (tBuP)4SiMe2, (tBuP)4SiCl2, and (tBuP)4Si(Cl)SiCl3 Molecular and Crystal Structure of (tBuP)4SiCl2The reaction of the diphosphide K2[(tBuP)4] 7 with the halogenosilanes Me2SiCl2, SiCl4 or Si2Cl6 in a molar ratio of 1:1 leads via a [4 + 1]-cyclocondensation reaction to the silatetraphospholanes (tBuP)4SiMe2 1,1-dimethyl-1-sila-2,3,4,5-tetra-t-butyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphospholane, 1, (tBuP)4SiCl2, 1,1-dichloro-1-sila-2,3,4,5-tetra-t-butyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphospholane, 2, and (tBuP)4Si(Cl)SiCl3, 1-chloro-1-trichlorsilyl-1-sila-2,3,4,5-tetra-t-butyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphospholane, 3, respectively, with the 5-membered P4Si ring system. The reaction leading to 1 is accompanied with the formation of the by-product Me2(Cl)-Si-(tBuP)4-Si(Cl)Me2 1a (5:1), which has a chain structure. On warming to 100°C 1a decomposes to 1 and Me2SiCl2. The compounds 2 and 3 do not react further with an excess of 7 due to strong steric shielding of the ring Si atoms by the t-butyl groups. 1, 2 and 3 could be obtained in a pure form and characterized NMR spectroscopically; 2 was also characterized by a single crystal structure analysis. 1a was identified by NMR spectroscopy only.
    Notes: Bei der Reaktion zwischen dem Diphosphid K2[(tBuP)4] 7 und den Halogensilanen Me2SiCl2, SiCl4 bzw. Si2Cl6 im Molverhältnis 1:1 findet eine [4 + 1]-Cyclokondensationsreaktion statt, bei der die Silatetraphospholane (tBuP)4SiMe2, 1,1-Dimethyl-1-sila-2,3,4,5-tetra-t-butyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphospholan, 1, (tBuP)4SiCl2, 1,1-Dichloro-1-sila-2,3,4,5-tetra-t-butyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphospholan, 2, und (tBuP)4Si(Cl)SiCl3, 1-Chloro-1-trichlorsilyl-1-sila-2,3,4,5-tetra-t-butyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphospholan, 3, mit dem binären P4Si-Fünfringgerüst gebildet werden. Bei der Synthese von 1 entsteht ferner das kettenförmige Nebenprodukt Me2(Cl)Si-(tBuP)4-Si(Cl)Me2 1a (5:1), das beim Erwärmen auf 100°C unter Bildung von 1 und Me2SiCl2 zerfällt. Die Verbindungen 2 und 3 reagieren nicht mit überschüssigem 7, was auf eine starke sterische Abschirmung der Ring-Si-Atome durch die benachbarten t-Butyl-Gruppen zurückzuführen ist. 1, 2 und 3 konnten in reiner Form isoliert und NMR-spektroskopisch charakterisiert werden; 1a konnte nur 31P-NMR-spektroskopisch identifiziert werden. Von 2 wurde eine Einkristallstrukturanalyse durchgeführt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 8-15 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: P3B and P4B ring systems ; NMR data ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Structure Analysis of (i-Pr)2NB(t-BuP)3 and (i-Pr)2NB(t-BuP)4The diphosphide K(t-Bu)P-(t-BuP)2-P(t-Bu)K obtained by the cleavage reaction of the 3-membered ring system (i-Pr)2BN(t-BuP)2 with potassium reacts with t-BuPCl2 at -78°C under ring expansion to form the P3B ring system (i-Pr)2NB(t-BuP)3 - 1,2,3-tri-t-butyl-tri-phospha-4-diisopropyl-aminoboretane (1). - The 5-membered P4B ring system (i-Pr)2NB(t-BuP)4 - 1,2,3,4-tetra-t-butyl-tetraphospha-5-diisopropylaminoborolidine, (2) - is formed from K(t-Bu)P—(t-BuP)2—P(t-Bu)K and (i-Pr)2NBCl2 analogous to the above reaction. 1 and 2 could be obtained in a pure form and characterized NMR spectroscopically and by X-ray structure analysis. 1 shows at 200 K two conformation isomers; for 2 31P-10,11B-isotopic shifts could be identified.
    Notes: Das bei der Spaltung des Dreiringes (i-Pr)2BN(t-BuP)2 mit Kalium gebildete Diphosphid K(t-Bu)P—BN(i-Pr)2—P(t-Bu)K reagiert bei -78°C mit t-BuPCl2 unter Ringerweiterung zu (i-Pr)2NB(t-BuP)3-1,2,3-Tri-t-butyl-triphospha-diisopropyl-aminoboretan, (1) - mit einem P3B-Ringgerüst. In analoger Weise entsteht bei der Reaktion zwischen K(t-Bu)P—(t-BuP) - (t-BuP)2—P(t-Bu)K und (i-Pr)2NBCl2 das P4B-Ringsystem (i-Pr)2NB(t-BuP)4 - 1,2,3,4-Tetra-t-butyl-tetraphospha-5-diiso-propylaminoborolidin, (2) -, 1 und 2 konnten in reiner Form isoliert, NMR-spektroskopisch und durch Röntgenstrukturanalysen charakterisiert werden. 1 zeigt bei 200 K zwei Konformationsisomere; bei 2 konnten 31P-10,11B-Isotopieverschiebungen nachgewiesen werden.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: 1,2-Bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5-triphenyl-3,4,5-triphospha-1,2-diborolane ; 1,2-bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5,6-tetra-tbutyl-3,4,5,6-tetraphospha-1,2-diborine ; preparation ; NMR ; molecular structures ; ab initio calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,2-Bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5-triphenyl-3,4,5-triphospha-1,2-diborolane and 1,2-Bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5,6-tetra-tbutyl-3,4,5,6-tetraphospha-1,2-diborine: Synthesis and Structure as well as Calculations on the Molecular StructureThe diphosphides K2[(C6H5)P—(C6H5)P—P(C6H5)], 4 or K2[(tBuP)—(tBuP)2—P(tBu)], 5, react with (ClBNMe2)2 to form the binary 5-membered ring system 1,2-bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5-triphenyl-3,4,5-triphospha-1,2-diborolane (C6H5P)3(BNMe2)2, 2a, and the 6-membered ring system 1,2-bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5,6-tetra-tbutyl-3,4,5,6-tetraphospha-1,2-diborine, (tBuP)4(BNMe2)2, 3a, respectively. 2a and 3a could be obtained in a pure form and characterized NMR spectroscopically and by X-ray structure analyses. The two ring systems are folded; 2a exists in the „envelope“- 3a in the „boat“-conformation. Ab initio computations for 3,4,5-triphospha-1,2-diborolane M5 show that the global minimum is characterized by one B—P double bond. The parent compound geometry M6 is characterized by transannular bonding in the PH—BH—BH—PH moiety which differs in character from those in the four- and five-membered rings (BH)2(PH)2 and (BH)2(PH)3 M5 d, respectively. Explicit calculation of the influence of amino substituents on boron improved agreement of the bond length between computed and X-ray data.
    Notes: Die Diphosphide K2[(C6H5)P—(C6H5)P—P (C6H5)], 4, bzw. K2[(tBuP)—(tBuP)2—P(tBu)], 5, reagieren mit (ClBNMe2)2 zu dem binären Fünfringsystem 1,2-Bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5-triphenyl-3,4,5-triphospha-1,2-diborolan (C6H5P)3(BNMe2)2, 2a, bzw. dem Sechsringsystem 1,2-Bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5,6-tetra-tbutyl-3,4,5,6-tetraphospha-1,2-diborin, (tBuP)4(BNMe2)2, 3a. 2a und 3a konnten in reiner Form isoliert, NMR-spektroskopisch und durch Röntgenstrukturanalysen charakterisiert werden. Beide Ringsysteme sind gefaltet; 2a zeigt eine „envelope“- 3a eine „Wannen“-Konformation.Ab initio Berechnungen an 3,4,5-Triphospha-1,2-diborolan M5 zeigen, daß im globalen Minimum eine B—P-Doppelbindung mit annähernd planarem σ3-Phosphor vorliegt. Die Geometrie der Stammverbindung des Sechsringes M6 weist „durch-den-Ring“-Bindung in der PH—BH—BH—PH-Baugruppe auf, welche sich von jenen im Vier- und Fünfring M5 d unterscheidet. Durch die explizite Berechnung des Einflusses von Aminosubstituenten an Bor auf die Geometrien des Fünf- und Sechsringes verbessert sich die Übereinstimmung der Bindungslängen mit den Daten der Röntgenstrukturanalyse.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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