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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: SID ; HLA-DR ; C4 deficiency ; Respiratory infections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Based on evidence of an increased rate of respiratory infections in sudden infant death (SID) infants as well as the observation of familial occurrence, we analysed in a retrospective study class II and class III genes of the major histocompatibility complex in 40 cases of SID by Southern blot analysis of DNA obtained post mortem from tissue samples. In 24 cases, the parents were interviewed and confirmatory human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) and DNA typing was carried out. Using HLA-DRß and-DQß probes, no evidence of an abnormal HLA-DR frequency distribution in SID infants was detected (P=0.97). Using DNA probes for the tandemly arranged complement C4 and steroid 21-hydroxylase genes, an increased number of C4B gene deletions in SID cases was found. The increase in C4 gene deletions was significant (P=0.0125) in infants with recurrent infections. These data indicate a possible role of partial C4 deficiency as a genetically predisposing risk factor in SID.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Clavicle ; Medial clavicular epiphysis ; Computed tomography ; Bone age determination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The development of the medial clavicular epiphysis and its fusion with the clavicular shaft have been a subject of medical research since the second decade of this century. Computed tomography provides the imaging modality of choice in analyzing the maturation process of the sternal end of the clavicle. In a retrospective study, we analyzed normal development in 380 individuals under the age of 30 years. The appearance of an epiphyseal ossification center occurred between ages 11 and 22 years. Partial union was found from age 16 until age 26 years. Complete union was first noted at age 22 years and in 100 % of the sample at age 27 years. Based on these data, age-related standardized age distributions and 95 % reference intervals were calculated. Compared to the experience recorded in the relevant literature, there are several landmarks that show no significant change between different ethnic groups and different periods of publication; these are the onset of ossification, the time span of partial union, and the appearance of complete union. Despite the relatively long time spans of the maturation stages, bone age estimation based on the study of the development of the medial clavicular epiphysis may be a useful tool in forensic age identification in living individuals, especially if the age of the subject is about the end of the second or the beginning of the third decade of life (e. g. in determining the applicability of adult or juvenile penal systems). Another possible use is in identifying human remains whose age is estimated at under 30 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 111 (1998), S. 219-223 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Blank cartridge gun ; Very small calibre ; weapon ; Metal pins ; Ballistic aspects ; Weapons act
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Blank cartridge guns are generally regarded as being harmless and are not considered to be firearms in most countries. A comparison of the legal situations in Germany and Austria concerning weapons is given. There have been several reports of serious injuries and even fatalities due to these weapons. Ballistic experiments show that even unmodified blank cartridge guns and very small calibre weapons can fire wire nails and can inflict potentially fatal injuries even at distances of 50 cm. Two serious injuries inflicted by metal pins fired from a blank cartridge gun and a very small calibre weapon are reported. These cases suggest that such weapons should also be considered handguns in the legal sense.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Notfall + Rettungsmedizin 2 (1999), S. 486-491 
    ISSN: 1436-0578
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Leichenschau ; Notarzt ; Badewanne ; Nicht-natürlicher Tod ; Key words Post mortem examination ; Emergency physician ; Bath tub ; Unnatural death
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary When a lifeless person is found in a bath tub, the emergency physician is obliged to give medical assistance. If the patient is dead on arrival, the manner of death will in most cases unsettled. In these cases the physician should inform the police immediately. Any alteration of the scene of death should be avoided. The emergency physician plays an important part in clearing up the case by informing the police without delay and by conducting a thoroughly examination of the deceased. A cherry-red discoloration of lividity indicating carbon monoxide poisoning should under no circumstances be overlooked. Electrical appliances may represent a danger for the examiner. An analysis of 49 autopsies performed at the Institute of Legal Medicine at the University of Mainz (Germany) showed that a number of differential diagnoses has to be considered. Deaths from natural causes where observed as frequently as accidents, suicides and negligent or wilful killings. The examination of a dead body found in a bath tub is one of the most difficult problems in forensic medicine. In most cases it will be indispensable to perform an autopsy. Additional examinations (alcohol, toxicology, histology, criminal investigation) and a profound analysis of the circumstances under which the body was found will often be essential before a final statement can be given.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Beim Auffinden einer leblosen Person in der Badewanne ist der Notarzt zur Hilfeleistung verpflichtet. Beim Vorliegen sicherer Todeszeichen ist die Todesart in der Regel „ungeklärt” oder „nicht-natürlich”. Der Arzt muß in diesen Fällen unverzüglich die Polizei benachrichtigen und dafür Sorge tragen, daß am Leichnam sowie am Fundort keine Veränderungen vorgenommen werden. Der Notarzt stellt durch frühzeitige Einschaltung der Polizei und sorgfältige Untersuchung des Verstorbenen die Weichen für eine Klärung des Falles. Hellrote Totenflecke als Hinweis auf eine CO-Intoxikation dürfen auf keinen Fall übersehen werden. Bei Elektrogeräten im Badewasser besteht die Möglichkeit der Selbstgefährdung. Die Analyse von 49 Fällen des Mainzer Obduktionsgutes ergab ein äußerst heterogenes Bild. Zahlreiche Todesursachen sind differentialdiagnostisch in Betracht zu ziehen. Natürliche Todesfälle finden sich etwa ebenso häufig wie Unfälle, fahrlässige sowie vorsätzliche Tötungsdelikte und Suizide. Die Untersuchung eines Toten aus der Badewanne ist eine der schwierigsten rechtsmedizinischen Aufgaben überhaupt. Zur Klärung ist in aller Regel eine Obduktion unerläßlich. Eine abschließende Wertung kann meist erst nach Durchführung zusätzlicher Untersuchungen (Alkohol, Toxikologie, Histologie, Kriminaltechnik) und genauer Analyse der Auffindesituation erfolgen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Digitale Bildverarbeitung ; Superimposition ; Verletzungsmuster ; Tatwerkzeug ; Keywords Digital image processing ; Superimposition ; Injury pattern ; Suspect instrument
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Digital image processing techniques can be used to optimize the comparison of injury patterns and suspect instruments. This paper describes the technique of digital superimposition of a ring into a photograph of a conspicuous injury pattern in a case of fatal child abuse. The stopper of a baby bottle shown on the photo by chance was used as a scale. The equipment comprises a digital camera, personal computer, digital image processing software, and colour printer. The method is fast, objective and well suitable for documentation.
    Notes: Techniken der digitalen Bildverarbeitung können zu einer Optimierung des Vergleichs einer Spur mit einem mutmaßlichen Tatwerkzeug führen. Im vorgestellten Fall gelang mit einem handelsüblichen Rechner mit Scanner und Bildverarbeitungssoftware die Zuordnung eines vom Angeklagten getragenen Rings zu einer fotografisch dokumentierten Hautverletzung in Form einer Superimposition bei einer fortgesetzten Kindesmisshandlung mit tödlichem Ausgang. Als Maßstab diente der Verschluß einer zufällig im Bild dargestellten Babyflasche. Die Methode ist schnell, objektiv und eignet sich gut zur Dokumentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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