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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Psychostimulant self-administration by beagle dogs in a progressive-ratio paradigm (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 75 (1981), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Self-administration ; Reinforcing efficacy ; Progressive-ratio ; Dog ; Cocaine ; Amphetamine ; Mazindol ; Fenfluramine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relative reinforcing efficacy of cocaine, amphetamine, mazindol, and fenfluramine was quantified using a progressive-ratio paradigm. Catheterized beagle dogs (N=6) were given access to response-contingent drug infusions during three 1-h trials each day. According to a predetermined schedule, the response requirement to obtain one infusion each trial was increased daily until the dogs failed to complete the necessary fixed-ratio (FR); i. e., until they reached a “break-point” in their ratio behavior. Fenfluramine (in doses ranging from 0.0625–4.0 mg/kg/infusion) did not maintain self-administration behavior at or above the minimum requirement (FR 30). In contrast, all doses of cocaine (0.2–1.6 mg/kg/infusion), d-amphetamine (0.035–0.28 mg/kg/infusion), and mazindol (0.0225–0.18 mg/kg/infusion) sustained responding at large FR values. The highest FR values were maintained by cocaine, followed by d-amphetamine, then mazindol. Generally the dogs completed higher FRs for higher doses of a drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433496
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-administration of CNS stimulants by dog (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 43 (1975), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Self-Administration ; Dog ; d-Amphetamine ; Phenmetrazine ; Methylphenidate ; Parallel Line Bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Drug-naive dogs were trained to respond for intravenous infusions of either d-amphetamine, phenmetrazine, or methylphenidate until a stable response rate per 4-hr daily session was achieved. The magnitude of reinforcement (i.e., mg/kg/infusion) was then varied systematically across a wide range for each drug. An inverse relationship between unit dose and number of self-administered infusions per session was seen. Thus, total drug intake per session remained relatively constant and was independent of unit dose. Using a parallel line bioassay design, the relative potencies of d-amphetamine, phenmetrazine, and methylphenidate to maintain self-administration were estimated. By comparing the unit doses of d-amphetamine which yielded the same rate of self-administration it was found that 1 mg of phenmetrazine is equivalent to 0.1 mg of d-amphetamine. It was also determined that 1 mg of methylphenidate is equivalent to 0.75 mg of d-amphetamine. These data indicate the dog can be used to assess the reinforcing properties of psychomotor stimulants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429252
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration-ingestion relations of morphine-adulterated food and morphine solution (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 30 (1973), S. 45-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; Preference ; Dependence ; Morphine Eating ; Morphine Drinking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four groups (n=16/group) of rats were given ad libitum access to morphine-adulterated food in one of four different concentrations (1, 2, 3, or 4 mg morphine HCl/g milled food). Half of the subjects in each group were given ad libitum water while the other half were provided with sucrose morphine (1 mg morphine HCl/ml 10% sucrose). Daily measures of body weight, food, liquid, caloric, and morphine intake were recorded for each animal. All eight treatment regimens were effective in inducing physical dependence on morphine as shown by: a) a preference for the morphinized food (1 and 2 mg/g groups) or, b) observable withdrawal signs in rats which failed to maintain their daily morphine intake (3 and 4 mg/g groups) in a subsequent choice test between plain food and morphine-adulterated food at the respective concentration. Caloric intake for all groups was similar to a non-drugged control group. It is concluded that opiate dependence can be achieved by adulterating both the food and liquid regimen of the rat with morphine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422793
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Opiate dependence produced by ad libitum drinking of morphine in water, saline, and sucrose vehicles (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 30 (1973), S. 291-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; Dependence ; Water ; Saline ; Sucrose ; Preference Test ; Ingestion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were given ad libitum morphine water, saline morphine, or sucrose morphine as their only source of liquid. Measures of liquid, food, caloric, and morphine intake along with body weight were taken daily, thereby monitoring the effects of morphine ingestion on these indices, and observing the course of dependence over time. To assess the degree of dependence the animals were given a two-bottle choice test between the drug solution and the vehicle, following a suitable ingestion period. The results indicated that the rats neglected morphine water and saline morphine in favor of the drug-free alternative. Concomitant morphine withdrawal signs (body weight loss, anorexia, adipsia, rhinorrhea, diarrhea, and irritability) were observed, thus indicating the animals were drug dependent. When morphine was given in sucrose solutions, the rats showed a marked preference for the drug solution over the vehicle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429188
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of psychomotor stimulants on single-spatial alternation behavior in dogs (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 63 (1979), S. 137-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Single-spatial alternation ; Dog ; Relative potency ; Methylphenidate ; Cocaine ; d-Amphetamine ; Phenmetrazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dogs were trained to pedal press for drinking water in a noncued, single-spatial alternation task. After the dogs were exhibiting stable performance at or above predetermined criteria levels, they were given three doses of four different drugs (methylphenidate, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg; d-amphetamine, 0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 mg/kg; cocaine, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg; and phenmetrazine, 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 mg/kg). In general, all four drugs produced similar changes in performance. The number of correct responses was an especially sensitive indicator of drug effects. All four drugs also produced significant increases in both the average response latency and total session duration, but there were few significant changes in either the total number of responses or number of intertrial interval responses. Relative to d-amphetamine, the potencies of cocaine and phenmetrazine, but not methylphenidate, were generally higher for the measures of single-spatial alternation than for self-administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429691
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphine dependence in rats produced after five days of ingestion (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 28 (1973), S. 51-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; Dependence ; Nalorphine ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the first experiment dose-dependent withdrawal signs following a nalorphine injection (either 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 mg/kg, i.p.) were seen in rats that had been drinking sucrose morphine for 21 days. A non-dependent control group was generally unaffected by an injection of the antagonist (16 mg/kg, i.p.). In Experiment II, morphine withdrawal signs, both nalorphine induced and without nalorphine injection, were observed in rats which had been placed on only five days of morphine-adulterated food and sucrose morphine. Although both groups showed clear withdrawal signs after the drug was removed from their diet, the nalorphine-injected group showed more severe symptoms. By the eleventh day of withdrawal all rats had resumed normal eating and drinking and had nearly recovered their pre-drug body weights. It is concluded that reliable morphine dependence can be induced in five days, using a morphine-adulterated diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413957
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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