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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FAMILIAL LACK OF THE IgG3 SUBCLASS: GENE ELIMINATION OR TURNING OFF EXPRESSION AND NEUTRAL EVOLUTION IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 6 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1979.tb00679.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Control of Deficiencies in γ G Subclasses observed among Families with Hypogammaglobulinaemia (1970)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 225 (1970), S. 1136-1137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Since then, the heavy chains of yG have been subdivided into four subclasses: yGl, yG2, yG3 and yG43'4. The Gm factors were located on these subclasses as follows: the yGl carry Gm factors 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 17, 18 and 22; the yG2 carry factors Gm 8 and 23. The Gm factors 5, 6, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16 and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2251136a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gm, Am and Km immunoglobulin allotypes of two populations in Tunisia (1979)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 50 (1979), S. 199-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gm, Am and Km allotypes were investigated in two Tunisian populations (236 samples from Mahdia and 142 samples from Sfax). These populations descend from immigrants and, therefore, the results were compared with those obtained in other populations living in the Near East and in North Africa. The subclass heavy chain allotypes G1m, G2m, G3m and A2m are inherited in fixed combinations. There were five main and four minor Gm-Am haplotypes that could be deduced from the phenotypes. This led to the conclusion that the populations studied are Caucasoids with some African admixture (about 10%) and a very low oriental contribution. Furthermore, there were 11 samples which showed 8 uncommon Gm-Am phenotypes. These could be explained by the assumption of five different uncommon Gm-Am haplotypes. Four of these may have arisen by equal crossing over of prevalent haplotypes. The fifth may be the result of unequal crossing over, since it was proven, by family study, that more markers are transmitted together than are present in the prevalent haplotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390242
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Common and uncommon immunoglobulin haplotypes among Lebanese communities (1978)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 41 (1978), S. 197-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Allotypes of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgA2 subclasses were investigated in seven Lebanese communities (three Moslem and four Christian). The Gm-Am haplotypes found were mainly those prevalent in Caucasians with a low frequency of haplotypes usually observed in Africans and Orientals. The difference between highlanders and lowlanders as expressed by G2m(23) was highly significant and suggested a possible adaptation to selective pressure related to the γ2 genes, possibly due to endemic malaria in the past. Exceptional Gm-Am haplotypes were unambiguously determined by family studies. Some were characterized either by a deletion or a repression or, in contrast, by a partial or total duplication of γ genes. Two others had uncommon combinations of allotypes: Gm 17;23;5,10,11,13,14 A2m 1, where G1m(17) was present without G1m(1); and Gm 3;23;5,14 A2m 1, where the CH3 allotypes G3m(10,11,13) were lacking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273102
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new human allotype carried by the γG3 subclass: Gm(25) (1971)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 13 (1971), S. 108-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'allotype Gm(25) a été étudié sur des sérums de populations variées. Il est lié aux Gm(5), Gm(10), Gm(11) et Gm(14) chez les Blancs, aux Gm(10) et Gm(11) chez les Jaunes, mais il s'en distingue chez les Noirs où se retrouve le phénotype Gm(5,10,11,14,-25) avec une fréquence variable selon les régions. Il est présent sur le fragment Fc des γG3 Gm(5,10,11, 14). Dans une famille Caucasoide nous démontrons la transmission du rare gène Gm 1,10,11,17,25. L'étude sur des Singes de l'Ancien Monde démontre que le Gm(25) est présent chez les Babouins et absent chez les Cercopithèques.
    Notes: Summary The Gm(25) allotype has been tested on sera from various populations. It is closely related to Gm(5), Gm(10), Gm(11), and Gm(14) in Caucasoids, and to Gm(10) and Gm(11) in Mongoloids, but it distinguishes itself in Negroids where the Gm(5, 10, 11, 14,-25) phenotype is present with a frequency depending on the regions studied. It was demonstrated to be carried by the Fc fragment of γG2 Gm(5, 10, 11, 14). In a Caucasoid family it was possible to demonstrate the transmission of a rare gene, Gm1,10,11,17, 25. Among Old World Monkeys Gm(25) is present in Baboons and absent in Cercopitheci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295792
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Les IgG dans les aberrations chromosomiques: Étude familiale de l'expression quantitative des allotypes du système Gm et de certaines sous-classes d'IgG (1974)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 24 (1974), S. 173-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude familiale de l'expression quantitative des allotypes du système Gm ainsi que celle des sous-classes IgG3 et IgG4 a été faite sur les sérums des membres de 61 familles parmi lesquels au moins un des sujets était porteur d'une aberration chromosomique. Dans 37 familles, diverses anomalies ont été constatées. Elles sont, en règle générale, présentes chez le proposant mais aussi parmi les autres membres de la fratrie dans un nombre élevé de cas. La transmission de la diminution d'expression d'un seul allotype est constatée dans deux familles et la diminution d'expression d'un des haplotypes, chez des sujets hétérozygotes, dans deux autres. Dans trois constellations familiales, des phénotypes rares sont trouvés. Cependant, le déficit portant sur les sous-classes IgG3 et/ou IgG4 est l'anomalie la plus fréquemment rencontrée puisque trouvée dans 28 familles. La majorité des anomalies phénotypiques et des déficits observés pourrait être l'expression de la modification des gènes de régulation de la synthèse des IgG, ceci étant démontré par la présence d'anomalies immunologiques chez les parents, frères et sœurs des proposants. Qu'il s'agisse d'une aberration autosomique ou gonosomique, les mêmes déficits sont retrouvés, de même lorsqu'il y a aberration par excès de matériel chromosomique ou par défaut. Il semble que l'atteinte du matériel génétique quel qu'il soit puisse entraîner par des interactions, de mécanisme actuellement inconnu, un dérèglement au niveau des chromosomes contrôlant la synthèse des immunoglobulines, chromosome porteur des gènes de structure ou/et chromosome porteur des gènes de régulation.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung An 61 Familien, in denen mindestens ein Mitglied an einer Chromosomenstörung litt, wurden IgG-Subklassen sowie die quantitative Expression von Gm untersucht. Bei 37 Familien wurden verschiedene Anomalien beobachtet; meist bei dem Probanden selbst. Die Mehrzahl dieser Anomalien läßt sich auf Regulatorgen-Änderungen zurückführen.
    Notes: Summary The family study of some IgG subclasses and Gm quantitative expression was carried out on sera from members of 61 families where at least one subject was affected by a chromosomal abnormality. In 37 families, different anomalies were observed, mostly in the proband serum, but also among other members of the family in a large number of cases. A familial low serum Gm (4) activity was shown in two families and the weakened expression of an haplotype in heterozygous individuals in two others. In three families unusual phenotypes were found. The IgG3 and/or IgG4 subclass deficiency was the most frequently found anomalies since it was observed in 28 families. The majority of these abnormalities would be the expression of alteration of the regulator gene responsible for the synthesis of the various IgG chains, the hypothesis being supported by the presence of abnormalities in relatives sera. Deficiencies were shown in autosomal or sex chromosomes aberrations as well as in deletions, trisomies and rearrangements. Whatever the genetic damage it seems that it could carry a chromosome disorder responsible for IgG synthesis by a mechanism at present unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283582
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