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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organelle loss in the endosymbiont ofGymnodinium acidotum (Dinophyceae) (1990)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 153 (1990), S. 178-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cryptophyceae ; Dinoflagellate ; Dinophyceae ; Endosymbiosis ; Gymnodinium ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The freshwater dinoflagellateGymnodinium acidotum is known to harbor a cryptomonad endosymbiont whose chloroplasts give the organism its blue-green coloration. Every cell examined from a wild population possessed chloroplasts, mitochondria, and other organelles which are of endosymbiotic origin. Transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy revealed that only 33% of these cells possessed the nucleus of the endosymbiont. The lack of a cryptomonad nucleus in some cells did not appear to affect the cells' ability to photosynthesize or move in response to varying levels of illumination. This represents the first report of a host/endosymbiont relationship in which a significant number of individuals from a given population lack a major endosymbiont organelle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01354002
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microtubular cytoskeleton of three dinoflagellates: an immunofluorescence study (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 144 (1988), S. 68-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Amphidinium ; Dinoflagellates ; Cytoskeleton ; Gymnodinium ; Immunofluorescence ; Microtubules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The sub-thecal microtubular cytoskeleton of the dinoflagellatesAmphidinium rhynchocephalum, Gymnodinium sanguineum, andGymnodinium. sp has been investigated by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. In these cells, the majority of cytoskeletal microtubules lie in the anterior-posterior plane. These longitudinal microtubules clearly originate from one of two radially arranged microtubular bands that correspond in location with the anterior and posterior edge of the cingolar depression. Despite the morphological variability of these gymnodinioid dinoflagellates, our data indicate that the microtubular cytoskeleton perfectly reflects the spatial patterning of the epicone and hypocone in each cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01320283
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative cytology and taxonomy of theUlvaphyceae II. Ulvalean characteristics of the stephanokont flagellar apparatus ofDerbesia tenuissima (1980)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 104 (1980), S. 223-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Caulerpales ; Chlorophyta ; Cytology ; Derbesia ; Flagellar Apparatus ; Ulvaphyceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The stephanokont flagellar apparatus of the zoospores ofDerbesia tenuissima (De Not.) Crouan is examined and compared to the flagellar apparatuses of other green algae. The flagella ofDerbesia are attached to two of three bands which lie at the junction of the body and papilla. Serial longitudinal and cross sections reveal that the basal bodies are attached to the bands along their sides and at their proximal ends. The bands are not striated in any plane. The lack of striation in the bands and the partial covering of the proximal end of the basal bodies by one of the bands closely resemble the type of flagellar connection system described as the “Bryopsis-type” byMelkonian (1980). Zoospores of ulvalean green algae also possess these features, suggesting that green siphons are phylogenetically related to theUlvales. It is proposed that green siphons be tentatively classified in theUlvaphyceae rather than in theChlorophyceae orCharophyceae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279769
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The apical pore fibrous complex: a new cytological feature of some dinoflagellates (1987)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 137 (1987), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Apical pore ; Dinoflagellates ; Heterocapsa ; Pyrrophyta ; Scrippsiella ; Striated fibers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A system of striated fibers has been discovered immediately beneath the apical pore of the dinoflagellatesHeterocapsa pygmeae andScrippsiella sweeneyae. The striated fibers radiate from a distinct fibrous ring lying beneath the apical pore plate. InScrippsiella, the fibrous ring is the outer edge of a fibrous apical disk that lies beneath the entire apical pore plate. The striated apical fibers radiate posteriorly and remain closely appressed to the sub-thecal membrane. The striated fibers terminate midway between the apical pore and the cingulum and are associated with sub-thecal microtubules inHeterocapsa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281178
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The flagellar apparatus and cytoskeleton of the dinoflagellates (1991)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 164 (1991), S. 105-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Actin ; Centrin ; Confocal microscopy ; Dinoflagellates ; Dinophyceae ; Flagellar apparatus ; Immunomicroscopy ; Microtubules ; Tubulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Modern microscopical approaches have allowed more accurate investigations of the three-dimensional nature of the dinoflagellate flagellar apparatus (FA) and several other cytoskeletal protein complexes. Our presentation overviews the nature of the dinoflagellate FA and cytoskeleton in a number of taxa and compares them with those of other protists. As with other protists, the FA of the dinoflagellates can be characterized by the presence of fibrous and microtubular components. Our studies and others indicate that the dinoflagellate FA can be expected to possess a striated fibrous root on the basal body of the transverse flagellum and a multimembered microtubular root on the basal body of the longitudinal flagellum. Two other features that appear widespread in the group are the transverse striated root associated microtubule (tsrm) and the transverse microtubular root (tmr). The tsrm extends at least half the length of the transverse striated root while the tmr extends from the transverse basal body toward the exit aperture of the transverse flagellum. In most cases, the tmr gives rise to several cytoplasmic microtubules at a right angle. The apparent conserved nature of these roots leads us to the conclusion that the dinoflagellate FA can be compared to the FA of the cryptomonads, chrysophytes, and the ciliates for phylogenetic purposes. Of these groups, the chrysophytes possess an FA with the most structures in common with the dinoflagellates. Our immunomicroscopical investigations of the microtubular, actin and centrin components of the dinoflagellate cytoskeleton point to the comparative usefulness of these cytological features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01320818
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro uptake of gallium and chlorpromazine by mouse tumour cells (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 10 (1985), S. 366-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Mouse sarcome ; In vitro ; Gallium ; Chlorpromazine uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Primary cell suspensions were prepared from mouse sarcoma by enzymatic digestion with pronase. The cells were incubated with gallium citrate Ga 67 or the basic drug 14C-chlorpromazine (CPZ) for up to 1 h at 37° C, and the label uptake was determined. The Ga uptake was proportional to time (0–30 min), whilst the CPZ uptake rapidly reached apparent saturation, (10 min). Metabolic inhibitors did not affect label uptake; however, disrupting the cell membrane with n-ethylmaleimide or heating at 56° C significantly reduced CPZ accumulation but did not inhibit Ga uptake. Ga accumulation was decreased by adding human transferrin (0.5 mg/ml). Both gallium and chlorpromazine are fixed in the lysosomes of cells; however, in this system, they appeared to enter mouse sarcoma cells by different energy-independent mechanisms. The Ga uptake may reflect adsorption to cell components, whilst CPZ uptake required an intact cell and may be due to passive diffusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251314
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