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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructure of the Cr underlayer and its effect on Sm-Co//Cr thin films (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 3831-3835 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sm-Co film is a potential candidate for the future high density recording media of 10 Gb/in2 which requires bit sizes of the order of 300 nm and grain sizes of about 10 nm. This article investigates the microstructure of the Cr underlayer in Sm-Co thin films and its effect on Sm-Co thin films prepared by the dc magnetron sputtering technique. The grain size of the Cr underlayer is found to be about 25 nm. Grains with small angle misorientation usually form local agglomerates. Studies by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) bright field images at different defocus settings and by high resolution electron microscopy indicate that a large proportion of the grain boundaries have gaps. The gap width (about 1–3 nm) varies from place to place. The Sm-Co films deposited on the Cr underlayer inherit similar gaps at positions adjacent to the grain boundary gaps of the Cr underlayer. Such gaps produce grain-like contrast of about 25 nm in TEM bright field images. However, such contrast becomes weak as the thickness of the film increases and disappears at a thickness of 96 nm, suggesting the gaps are sealed at places far from the Cr underlayer. The effect of the Cr underlayer on magnetic properties are discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358559
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-Sm (1¯100)[0001]//Cr (1¯21¯)[1¯01] epitaxy and its effects on magnetic properties of Co-Sm//Cr films : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5333-5335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is well known that the Cr underlayer plays a critical role in generating large in-plane coercivity in Co-based magnetic thin films. In this paper we report in detail the Co-Sm (1¯100)[0001]//Cr (1¯21¯)[1¯01] epitaxy revealed by high resolution electron microscopy. The lattice mismatch between Co-Sm (1¯100) and Cr (1¯21¯) is less than 2%, suggesting an energetically favorable configuration. The high anisotropy observed in Co-Sm films is discussed by this epitaxial relation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361369
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetization reversal in Co/Cr multilayer films : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6353-6355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetization reversal of Co/Cr multilayer films is studied by utilizing initial magnetization curves, minor loops, isothermal and dc demagnetization remanence curves, and temperature dependence of the loops. Electron microscope observations reveal that the films consist of columnar grains of size from 400 to 800 A(ring). It is suggested that the magnetization reversal is dominated by rotation of single-domain grains. Numerical calculations are performed based on the Stoner–Wohlfarth coherent rotation model for noninteracting, single-domain particles of uniaxial anisotropy. The calculated results agree qualitatively with the experimental results. To investigate the quantitative differences, magnetic interactions among the grains are measured in terms of deviations from the linear Hankel plot predicted by Wohlfarth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352646
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray production in thin films by electrons with energies between 40 and 100 keV. 2For Part l. see p. 153. - Characteristic cross-sections and the overall x-ray spectrum (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 12 (1983), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two approximate theories are considered for the production of characteristic x-rays when thin foil targets are bombarded with electrons with energies between 40 and 100 keV. One, due to Kolbenstvedt, is semi-classical in nature whilst the other, due to Bethe, contains two parameters which are normally adjusted empirically. Data from six different target materials are presented, but because errors in experimentally derived absolute cross-sections are large, a comparison is made between theoretical and observed ratios of characteristic Kα photons to bremsstrahlung photons in a 20 eV channel directly beneath the peak. By adjusting the Bethe parameters and using a modified Bethe-Heitler theory to predict the bremsstrahlung, agreement between experiment and theory of typically 10% is recorded. Finally, a means of simplifying the equations used to enable rapid calculation of x-ray spectra with a pocket calculator is indicated.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300120408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray production in thin films by electrons with energies between 40 and 100 keV. 1 - Bremsstrahlung cross-sections (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 12 (1983), S. 153-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cross-sections for bremsstrahlung production in thin films may be derived theoretically only if certain approximations are made or if there is recourse to numerical techniques. In this paper, two approximate equations, one based on the Sommerfeld theory and the other on the Bethe-Heitler theory, are assessed for their accuracy in predicting cross-sections differential in photon energy and emergence angle when a thin foil target is bombarded with electrons with energies between 40 and 100 keV. Experimental data are presented from eight different target materials and these are processed initially to make comparisons between experimental and theoretical spectral shapes and subsequently to compare observed and predicted absolute cross-section values. Except for the heaviest target material (Au), the Bethe-Heitler theory provided a satisfactory description of all experimental observations. In contrast, the Sommerfeld theory provided a significantly inferior description of spectral shapes and consistently overestimated absolute cross-sections by 15-20%.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300120407
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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