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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ‘simple’ ovarian cyst: aspirate or operate? (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 96 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. One hundred ultrasound-guided ovarian cyst punctures were performed in 88 patients. To minimize the risk of unexpected malignancy, only persistent or painful cysts 〈10 cm in diameter were aspirated, cysts with solid areas or multiple locules were excluded. Cytological diagnosis was not possible in 72 of the 100 fluids; of the others 20 contained cells suggestive of follicular or luteal cysts, four samples suggested endometriosis and four benign tumours of epithelial origin. Oestradiol levels were high in 54 cystic fluids, and a combination of oestradiol estimation and cytology facilitated the identification of a follicular origin. Most such patients would normally have undergone surgery, but this was eventually required in only 10 of 60 in whom the cyst fluid was clear or slightly blood-stained and in 16 of the 28 with heavily blood-stained fluid. Ultrasound-guided ovarian cyst puncture would appear to be a valid alternative to surgery for carefully selected benign ovarian cysts especially when the cyst is considered not to contain blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb03377.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY PREGNANCY FAILURE BY SONAR (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 82 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a series of 425 consecutive patients examined by sonar in the first half of pregnancy 176 ultimately aborted. On analysis of the sonar and post-abortion findings it was found that the aborted pregnancies fell into five clearly defined groups; blighted ova or anembryonic pregnancies, missed abortions, hydatidiform moles and early and late live abortions. The blighted ova and the missed abortions comprised by far the largest and the early live abortions the smallest groups. Strict diagnostic sonar criteria of abnormality, independent of menstrual or clinical histories, were established for the first three of the groups, and an absolute diagnosis could be made at the time of the first examination in all cases of missed abortion and hydatidiform mole and in just over half of the cases of blighted ovum, the remainder requiring a second and occasionally a third examination. In the first half of the study the majority of the patients were allowed to abort spontaneously but with increasing confidence in the techniques patients were offered termination whenever the diagnosis of an abortive pregnancy was made. Anticipation of fetal death in utero or impending abortion of a live fetus proved to be a much more difficult problem, and in only those patients who aborted a live fetus before the tenth week of pregnancy did the sonar examination reveal any significant abnormality. Possible aetiological backgrounds to these groups of abortions are discussed in the light of the sonar findings.I am grateful to Professor Ian Donald for his advice and comments during this investigation and I thank the obstetric consultants of the Queen Mother's Hospital whose patients were included in this study, and Mr J. Devlin and his department for preparing the illustrations. This work was performed under the provisions of a Medical Research Council Programme Grant in the University of Glasgow, with Professor Ian Donald as the Programme Leader.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1975.tb00588.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FETAL HEART RATES AS DETERMINED BY SONAR IN EARLY PREGNANCY (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 80 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Using a pulsed ultrasound technique, the human fetal heart rate was studied between 45 days and 15 weeks after the first day of the last menstrual period. The heart rate rose from a level of 123 beats per minute at 45 days to a peak of 177 beats per minute at 9 weeks, and then gradually fell to a value of 147 beats per minute at 15 weeks. In cases of threatened abortion the fetal heart rates were not statistically different from those in normal pregnancies. The changes in heart rate were correlated with the morphological and physiological changes which occur in the fetal heart during this period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1973.tb11222.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “GESTATION SAC” VOLUMES AS DETERMINED BY SONAR IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 82 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sonar estimates of “gestation sac” volumes in the first trimester of pregnancy were made from a series of 319 measurements; the volumes estimated included the amniotic fluid, the extraembryonic coelom and the fetus. The technique employed involved the use of parallel section scans taken in series from one end of the gestation sac to the other, followed by planimetric measurements of the sac areas so produced. The potential errors which may be incurred in these measurements are discussed, and it is considered that the technique carries an overall possible error in the order of ±10 per cent. Growth curves produced from the measurements in this series show that the sac increases in volume from a mean of 1 ml. at 6 weeks to a mean of 100 ml. at 13 weeks, initially in an exponential fashion but latterly in a more linear manner. The mean values of the sonar gestation sac fluid volumes (after subtraction of the estimated fetal volume) in the 10 to 13 week range, show good correlation with those amniotic fluid values reported in the literature where direct measurements were made at the time of hysterotomy. As a method of assessing the maturity of a pregnancy this technique is of lesser value than the sonar measurement of fetal crown-rump length because of the relatively wider scatter of results. It has, however, found a useful place in clinical practice in the early sonar diagnosis of blighted ova or anembryonic pregnancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1975.tb02205.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECT OF PULSED AND CONTINUOUS WAVE ULTRASOUND ON THE ENZYME HISTOCHEMISTRY OF PLACENTAL TISSUE IN VITRO (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 79 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Enzyme histochemical studies were made on placental fragments maintained in vitro and insonated for 8 hours with pulsed and continuous wave ultrasound at 2 MHz, and at intensities substantially above those used in clinical apparatus. No difference was observed in the activity of eleven enzymes examined in the insonated fragments compared with a control series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1972.tb12928.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gestation sac size in in-vitro fertilization pregnancies (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 92 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. The gestation sac size in pregnancies resulting from in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer have been compared with those in spontaneous pregnancies. Small-for-dates gestational sac sizes were found in 36% of the IVF pregnancies. This proportion held for both singleton and multiple pregnancies. With increasing gestation beyond 8 weeks the gestation sac volume increasingly approached normal. In contrast to spontaneous conceptions, IVF pregnancies had a low rate of pregnancy loss once fetal heart movements were demonstrated, when the gestation sac size was small-for-dates. Small sac size in an IVF pregnancy may lead to the misdiagnosis of a failed pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1985.tb03076.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of parallel activity elicited by propagating bursts in developing networks of rat cortical neurones (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Networks of cultured cortical neurones exhibit regular, synchronized, propagating bursts which are synaptically mediated, and which are hypothesized to play a part in activity-dependent formation of connections during development in vivo. The relationship between the strength of synaptic connections and the characteristics of synchronized propagating bursting, however, is unclear. Modification of synchronized activity in cortical cultures in response to electrical stimulation was examined using multisite electrode array recording. By measuring the response of the network to weak, localized, test stimulation (TS), we observed a potentiation of activity following a relatively stronger inducing stimulation (IS). This potentiation was evident as an increased probability of eliciting bursts by TS, an increased frequency of spontaneous bursts and number of spikes per burst, and increased speed of burst propagation, and it lasted for at least 20 min. Changing the parameters of IS revealed that high frequency tetanic stimulation is not necessary to induce potentiation, while it is essential for IS to produce a regeneratively propagating burst. The results provide a direct demonstration of modification of both the spatial and temporal characteristics of synchronized network activity, and suggest an important physiological role for propagating synchronized bursting, as a mechanism for inducing plastic modifications in the developing cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00062.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new class of neurotoxin from wasp venom slows inactivation of sodium current (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of α-pompilidotoxin (α-PMTX), a new neurotoxin isolated from the venom of a solitary wasp, were studied on the neuromuscular synapses in lobster walking leg and the rat trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons. Paired intracellular recordings from the presynaptic axon terminals and the innervating lobster leg muscles revealed that α-PMTX induced long bursts of action potentials in the presynaptic axon, which resulted in facilitated excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. The action of α-PMTX was distinct from that of other known facilitatory presynaptic toxins, including sea anemone toxins and α-scorpion toxins, which modify the fast inactivation of Na+ current. We further characterized the action of α-PMTX on Na+ channels by whole-cell recordings from rat trigeminal neurons. We found that α-PMTX slowed the Na+ channels inactivation process without changing the peak current–voltage relationship or the activation time course of tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive Na+ currents, and that α-PMTX had voltage-dependent effects on the rate of recovery from Na+ current inactivation and deactivating tail currents. The results suggest that α-PMTX slows or blocks conformational changes required for fast inactivation of the Na+ channels on the extracellular surface. The simple structure of α-PMTX, consisting of 13 amino acids, would be advantageous for understanding the functional architecture of Na+ channel protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00084.x
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