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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 5026-5028 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We discuss the behavior found in tunneling measurements obtained by us on two high-Tc superconductors—a ceramic sample of Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3O10+δ and a Bi4Ca3Sr3Cu4O16+δ single crystal—using a scanning tunneling microscope. We compare some of the experimental curves with simple model calculations, assuming different tunnel-barrier shapes (i.e., different barrier heights, degree of asymmetry, thickness, etc.), and also different quasiparticle density-of-states profiles and tunnel-junction configurations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of public health dentistry 64 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-7325
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective: The milk fluoridation scheme established in Codegua, Chile, between 1994 and 1999 demonstrated the effectiveness of powdered milk as a community-based vehicle for fluoride to prevent dental caries. The present study aimed to compare caries prevalence in both the Codeguan control and test communities, three years after ending fluoride distribution through the powdered milk fluoridation scheme, to assess whether the benefits of such milk fluoridation were still present in the test community. Methods: Children 3–6 years old living in Codegua (test community) and La Punta (control community) were examined for dental caries at their educational facilities by three trained and calibrated examiners using natural light, dental mirrors, and sickle probes. Differences in caries prevalence (dmfs) by year of the study were tested for statistically significant differences using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Findings from Codegua (1999–2002) indicate that the dental caries experience increased in all age groups following the termination of powdered milk fluoridation. These differences reached levels of statistical significance in the 3-, 4-, and 5- year old group (P〈.03). Comparing results from Codegua and La Punta (2002), no statistically significant differences were found. Conclusions: Termination of the powdered milk fluoridation scheme resulted in a deterioration of the dental health of children. After three years, dental caries prevalence was higher than that reached at the end of the scheme and equivalent to that of the control community without fluoride exposure. These results emphasize the need to establish and maintain an alternative mechanism of community-based fluoridation of proven effectiveness for the prevention of dental caries in communities where water fluoridation is not available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nitric oxide (NO) overproduction has been postulated to contribute significantly to ischaemia-reperfusion neurotoxicity. Inducible or type II NO synthase (iNOS) synthesizes NO in large quantities for long periods of time. Therefore we investigated the expression and localization of iNOS after oxygen and glucose deprivation in rat forebrain slices. In this experimental model, calcium-independent NOS activity reached a maximum 180 min after the end of a 20 min oxygen–glucose deprivation period. During the same period of time, the calcium-independent activity was absent in control forebrain slices. To test whether this calcium-independent NOS activity was due to the expression of iNOS, the effects of the addition of dexamethasone, cycloheximide and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate were determined. All of them inhibited the induction of the calcium-independent NOS activity measured in the rat forebrain slices after oxygen and glucose deprivation. Furthermore, oxygen and glucose deprivation caused the expression of the gene encoding iNOS in rat forebrain slices, as assessed by the detection of iNOS message and protein in these samples. A sixfold increase in the iNOS mRNA levels was observed at 180 min and the time-course of the expression of iNOS mRNA was in agreement with the temporal profile of iNOS enzymatic activity. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that iNOS was highly expressed in neurones, astrocytes and microglial cells. These results demonstrate for the first time that iNOS is expressed in neurones after oxygen and glucose deprivation, and that this expression occurs in short periods of time. These findings suggest that NO can play an important pathogenic role in the tissue damage that occurs after cerebral ischaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Free Radical Biology and Medicine 16 (1994), S. 131-133 
    ISSN: 0891-5849
    Keywords: Free radicals ; Hepatitis C ; Interferon ; Malonaldehyde
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 12 (1998), S. 171-190 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Keywords: Self-Calibrated method ; Stochastic hydrology ; Conditional simulation ; Stochastic inversion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract: A common approach for the performance assessment of radionuclide migration from a nuclear waste repository is by means of Monte-Carlo techniques. Multiple realizations of the parameters controlling radionuclide transport are generated and each one of these realizations is used in a numerical model to provide a transport prediction. The statistical analysis of all transport predictions is then used in performance assessment. In order to reduce the uncertainty on the predictions is necessary to incorporate as much information as possible in the generation of the parameter fields. In this regard, this paper focuses in the impact that conditioning the transmissivity fields to geophysical data and/or piezometric head data has on convective transport predictions in a two-dimensional heterogeneous formation. The Walker Lake data based is used to produce a heterogeneous log-transmissivity field with distinct non-Gaussian characteristics and a secondary variable that represents some geophysical attribute. In addition, the piezometric head field resulting from the steady-state solution of the groundwater flow equation is computed. These three reference fields are sampled to mimic a sampling campaign. Then, a series of Monte-Carlo exercises using different combinations of sampled data shows the relative worth of secondary data with respect to piezometric head data for transport predictions. The analysis shows that secondary data allows to reproduce the main spatial patterns of the reference transmissivity field and improves the mass transport predictions with respect to the case in which only transmissivity data is used. However, a few piezometric head measurements could be equally effective for the characterization of transport predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Spanish toxic oil syndrome ; oleylanilide ; linoleylanilide ; hypersensitivity ; immunofluorescence ; immunopathogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fatty acid anilides, the major xenobiotic found in the cooking oils responsible for the Spanish toxic oil syndrome, are immunogenic for rabbits as ascertained by a skin test reaction, the characterization of specific antibodies against anilides and the immunofluorescent detection of ‘anilide dependent antigens’ in tissue slices from treated animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 7 (1983), S. 296 
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 9 (1984), S. 323 
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key words Articular cartilage • Chondral defects • Cartilage resurfacing • Microfracture •“Super clot” ; Schlüsselwörter Gelenkknorpel • Knorpeldefekt • Knorpelerneuerung • Mikrofrakturierung • Gerinnsel/„superclot“
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Komplette Knorpeldefekte weisen selten eine Spontanheilung auf. Während einige Patienten trotz des Knorpelschadens keine klinische Symptomatik aufweisen, entwickeln die meisten Patienten mit Knorpelschäden im Laufe der Zeit degenerative Veränderungen im Bereich des betreffenden Gelenks. Behandlungsmaßnahmen dieser Knorpeldefekte beinhalten die Abrasionsarthroplastik, die Herdanbohrung, die autogene und allogene Knorpelknochentransplantation und die Transplantation von Chondrozyten. Der Erstautor dieser vorliegenden Arbeit hat eine Technik entwickelt, die als Mikrofrakturierung bezeichnet wird. Diese Technik beschleunigt die Knorpelerneuerung bzw. die Bildung eines Ersatzknorpels, indem geeignete Voraussetzungen zur Knorpelregeneration geschaffen werden. Hierzu wird das körpereigene Heilungspotential genutzt. Diese Technik wurde nun mittlerweile bei mehr als 1400 Patienten angewendet. Speziell entwickelte Stößel werden verwendet, um Perforationen oder auch „Mikrofrakturen“ in der subchondralen Knochenschicht zu setzen. Diese Löcher sollten so dicht wie möglich aneinander liegen, dürfen jedoch nicht ineinander brechen. Daraus ergibt sich ein Abstand von ca. 3–4 mm zwischen den einzelnen Löchern der Mikrofrakturierung. Dies entspricht ca. 3–4 Perforationen/cm2. Wichtig ist, daß der Zusammenhalt der subchondralen Knochenschicht dabei erhalten bleibt. Durch die Mikrofrakturierung können Anteile aus dem Knochenmark heraustreten, die ein Gerinnsel oder „super clot“ bilden, der geeignete Bedingungen schafft, um eine Regeneration des Gewebes zu ermöglichen. Die Langzeitnachuntersuchungsergebnisse von mehr als 8 Jahren waren sehr positiv und vielversprechend.
    Notes: Summary Full thickness defects of the articular cartilage rarely heal spontaneously. While some patients do not develop clinically significant problems from chondral defects, most eventually develop degenerative changes associated with the cartilage damage over time. Techniques to treat chondral defects include abrasion, drilling, tissue autografts, allografts, and cell transplantation. The senior author has developed a procedure referred to as the “microfracture”. This technique enhances chondral resurfacing by providing a suitable environment for tissue regeneration and by taking advantage of the body's own healing potential. This technique has now been used in more than 1400 patients. Specially designed awls are used to make multiple perforations, or “microfractures”, into the subchondral bone plate. The perforations are made as close together as necessary, but not so close that one breaks into another. Consequently, the microfracture holes are approximately three to four millimeters apart (or 3 to 4 holes per square centimeter). Importantly, the integrity of the subchondral bone plate is maintained. The released marrow elements form a “super clot” which provides an enriched environment for tissue regeneration. Follow up with long term results of more than 8 years have been positive and very encouraging.
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