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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemistry of materials 3 (1991), S. 325-332 
    ISSN: 1520-5002
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemistry of materials 6 (1994), S. 501-507 
    ISSN: 1520-5002
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: To identify factors that might affect capillary driving forces and interface structure-dependent mechanisms for coarsening, we have used a stereological analysis to determine the changes in the morphology of SrTiO3 crystals in contact with a titania-rich liquid at 1500°C. A combination of flat and curved surfaces is observed in contact with the liquid. The (100) surface is the most common, followed by (110). A range of surfaces in the 〈100〉 zone are also found, but with a lower frequency. The areas of the {100} and {110} surfaces are approximately equal at the initial stage, but after 24 h of growth, the {100} surface area is more than twice as great as the {110} surface area. At this point, {100} surfaces make up more than 25% of the surface area in contact with the liquid. The results suggest that morphological changes during growth continuously reduce the average surface energy and interface mobility. This provides a plausible explanation for coarsening rates that decrease faster than predicted by the classical theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The photochemical reduction of Ag+ and oxidation of Pb2+ from aqueous solution by SrTiO3 leave insoluble reaction products (silver and PbO2, respectively) on the surface. Microscopic analysis has been used to relate the rates of these two reactions to the structure and orientation of SrTiO3 surfaces. The nonpolar (100) surface is the most reactive for silver reduction and the composition of the termination layer does not influence this reaction. On the polar (111) surface, the reduction and oxidation reactions occur on terraces with different terminations and opposite charges; this leads to a nonuniform distribution of reaction products. The polar (110) surface is the least reactive, and the majority of the reaction products are observed at steps along 〈100〉 directions where the more reactive {100} surfaces are exposed. The distribution of oxidation products found on (110) terraces is also influenced by the composition and charge of the surface termination. The results show that the photochemical reactivity of SrTiO3 is anisotropic and that, on polar surfaces, dipolar fields arising from charged surface domains influence the transport of photogenerated charge carriers and promote spatially selective oxidation and reduction reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of magnesium, phosphorus, and iron additions on the low-temperature (≤1000°C) sintering of nanocrystalline α-Al2O3 derived from α-AlOOH has been investigated. α-AlOOH powder with a surface area of 50 m2/g yielded α-Al2O3 products with surface areas of 150 and 80 m2/g after dehydration at temperatures of 400° and 500°C, respectively. However, these products were prone to sintering at 〉600°C, and the surface area was reduced to 15 m2/g within only 1 h at 1000°C. Although magnesium and iron doping had no discernible effect, the presence of phosphorus inhibited sintering and surface-area loss significantly. Samples doped with 1%–2% phosphorus had surface areas of 〉31 m2/g after 100 h at 1000°C. Atomic force microscopy studies of α-Al2O3 pseudomorphs derived from α-AlOOH single crystals also demonstrated the inhibiting effect of phosphorus, as the rate of crack elimination was reduced on phosphorus-modified surfaces. The effects of the dopants are discussed with regard to their potential influence on α-Al2O3 surface energy and diffusivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Measurements of the grain boundary population as a function of misorientation and boundary plane orientation show that the distribution is inversely correlated to the sum of the energies of the surfaces comprising each boundary. The observed correlation suggests that the difference between the energy of a high-angle grain boundary and the two component surfaces is relatively constant as a function of misorientation. Two exceptions to this correlation were identified: low-misorientation-angle boundaries and the coherent twin boundary, where the (111) planes in the adjoining crystals are parallel to each other, but rotated by 60° around the [111] axis. In these cases, the high degree of coincidence across this interface probably lowers the boundary energy with respect to that of the component surfaces. For all other boundaries, the anisotropy of the population is accurately predicted by the surface energy anisotropy, and in general, boundaries display a preference for {100} orientations, the planes of minimum surface energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We show here that the boundaries of individual grains in dense polycrystals prefer certain crystallographic habit planes, almost as if they were independent of the neighboring crystals. In MgO, SrTiO3, MgAl2O4, TiO2, and aluminum, the specific habit planes within the polycrystal correspond to the same planes that dominate the external growth forms and equilibrium shapes of isolated crystals of the same phase. The observations decrease the apparent complexity of interfacial networks and suggest that the mechanisms of solid-state grain growth may be analogous to conventional crystal growth. The results also indicate that a model for grain-boundary energy and structure based on grain surface relationships is more appropriate than the widely accepted models based on lattice orientation relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Geometric and crystallographic measurements of grain-boundary thermal grooves and surface faceting behavior as a function of orientation have been used to determine the surface energy anisotropy of SrTiO3 at 1400°C in air. Under these conditions, thermal grooves are formed by surface diffusion. The surface energy anisotropy was determined using the capillarity vector reconstruction method under the assumption that Herring's local equilibrium condition holds at the groove root. The results indicate that the (100) surface has the minimum energy. For surfaces inclined between 0° and 30° from (100), the energy increases with the inclination angle. Orientations inclined by more than 30° from (100) are all about 10% higher in energy and, within experimental uncertainty, energetically equivalent. A procedure for estimating the uncertainties in the reconstructed energies is also introduced. Taken together, the orientation dependence of the surface-facet formation and the measured energy anisotropy lead to the conclusion that the equilibrium crystal shape is dominated by {100}, but also includes {110} and {111} facets. Complex planes within about 15° of {100} and 5° of {110} are also part of the equilibrium shape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of the nucleation energy barrier on the capillary-driven coarsening of faceted crystals that exchange material by diffusion is quantified. Our calculations are based on the assumption that the transport of material between particles must happen in series with the nucleation of partial layers on flat facets. Using a numerical model based on this idea, we simulate the time evolution of distributions of crystals that are made up of perfect faceted crystals (without step-producing defects), crystals containing step-producing defects, and mixtures of the two types. We find that the coarsening of a distribution containing only perfect faceted crystals is arrested at a size where the nucleation energy barrier becomes prohibitive. This critical size ranges from a few nanometers to several hundred nanometers, depending on material parameters and experimental conditions. When a small fraction of the crystals have step-producing defects (for these crystals the nucleation energy barrier vanishes), they can grow to large sizes at the expense of the perfect crystals and a bimodal grain size distribution is created. Based on these results, we hypothesize that when abnormal coarsening is observed in nature, it results from the presence of a small number of crystals with step-producing defects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method is described for reconstructing the habits of crystals embedded in a second phase from observations of random planar sections of known orientation. We have generated simulated observations based on five assumed crystal habits and found that it is possible to reconstruct the shape from 100-1000 planar sections, depending on the relative area of each facet. Habit planes comprising as little as 3% of the crystal's area have been detected and axial ratios accurately determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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