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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 35 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Surface proteins of cultured monolayer cells from embryonic and early postnatal C57BL/6J mouse cerebella were identified by a lactoperoxidase-catalysed 131iodine labelling technique. Major iodinated polypeptides have molecular weights of approximately 200, 145, 120, 100, 85, 65, 50, and 30 X 103 (P200, P145, ⃛) as estimated by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Membrane glycoproteins, of apparent molecular weights 200, 145, 100, 85, and 50 X 103, are detected by biosynthetic labelling with [3H]fucose. The two major iodinated proteins are the glycoproteins P200 and P145. P145 is released from the cells into the medium together with other surface proteins. No changes in the patterns of labelled cerebellar cell surface proteins are detectable between embryonic day 17 and postnatal day 10. A pattern similar to the one seen with cerebellum is obtained with embryonic day 12 and 17 cerebral cortex. Cultured retinal cells from 2-day-old mice, skin fibroblasts, and l-cells display a distinctly different pattern, which does not contain P145 as a major iodinated component. In granule cell-enriched fractions of cerebellar cells the two glycoproteins P200 and P145 are proportionately increased, while three proteins, P100, P85, and P50, are more abundant in the glial cell-enriched fraction. These three polypeptides are also enriched in cells obtained from staggerer mutant mice. An antiserum against 4-day-old cerebellar cells (anti-NS-4) precipitates the 145 and 200 X 103 molecular weight proteins, from lysates of both embryonic cerebral and postnatal cerebellar cells. From lysates of mouse retinal cells, anti-NS-4 antiserum precipitates two proteins with molecular weights of 140 and 210 X 103. Rohrer H. and Schachner M. Surface proteins of cultured mouse cerebellar cells. J. Neurochem.35, 792–803 (1980).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Inhibitory glycine receptors (GlyRs) are known to mediate postsynaptic inhibition in spinal cord, brain stem and some higher brain regions. Several developmentally and regionally regulated GlyR isoforms exist, which result from a differential expression of the GlyR α (α1-α4) and β subunit genes. Currently, very little is known about GlyRs containing the α4 subunit, whose existence was predicted from a partial genomic sequence. Here, we describe the isolation of complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences for the mouse and chick GlyR α4 subunits. We show that a mouse GlyR α4 subunit full-length cDNA directs the formation of functional homo-oligomeric strychnine-sensitive GlyRs in Xenopus laevis oocytes and mammalian cells, and that these resemble GlyRs composed of the α1 subunit in pharmacological profile and single-channel properties. In situ hybridization reveals high levels of GlyR α4 subunit transcripts in the embryonic (E13) chick spinal cord, lumbosacral sympathetic ganglia and dorsal root ganglia. The avian GlyR α4 subunit gene also shows male-specific expression in the developing genital ridge. The pharmacological profile of α4 subunit-containing receptors and deduced location of the avian GlyR α4 subunit are consistent with it being a component of the embryonic excitatory GlyRs previously identified in sympathetic neurons. Our data also suggest a novel role for GlyRs in the maturation of reproductive organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 2 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 9 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sympathetic neurons depend on the classical neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) for survival by the time they innervate their targets, but not before. The acquisition of NGF responsiveness is thought to be controlled by environmental cues in sympathetic neurons. We have investigated the expression of the signal transducing NGF receptor trkA on mRNA and protein level during development of chick sympathetic neurons obtained from lumbosacral, paravertebral chain ganglia between embryonic days (E) 6.5 and 10. We demonstrate that trkA mRNA levels increase between E6.5 and E10, whereas the levels of trkC and p75 do not change. We also observed a similar increase in trkA protein during this time period. This increase correlates with the increase in NGF-dependent survival of sympathetic neurons from the corresponding stages in vitro. To define the correlation between trkA expression and NGF-mediated survival in more detail, trkA expression was adjusted to different levels by treatment with increasing concentrations of retinoic acid. We observed that small changes of trkA mRNA expression levels, below one order of magnitude, are decisive for the ability of immature sympathetic neurons to survive in the presence of NGF. A small and transient increase in trkA mRNA expression was also elicited in vivo by application of retinoids. These data provide evidence that sympathetic neurons upregulate the NGF receptor trkA and in this way acquire NGF-dependency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 692 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We show that nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis in developing skin begins with sensory innervation and that sensory neurons do not express NGF receptors until their fibres reach their cutaneous targets. Both cutaneous epithelium and mesenchyme synthesize NGF, the concentration of messenger ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] CNTF was purified from rat sciatic nerve using a modification of the method used previously9. When it was added to cultures of postnatal-day-0 (PO) rat optic nerve cells it induced GFAP expression in about 20% of O-2A progenitor cells (Fig. la). The same result was obtained with an extract of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 297 (1999), S. 339-361 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Vasodilation ; Sweat gland ; Choline acetyltransferase ; Vesicular acetylcholine transporter ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide ; Cytokine ; gp 130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Sympathetic ganglia are composed of noradrenergic neurons and cholinergic neurons that differ in the expression of neurotransmitter-synthesizing enzymes, neurotransmitter transporters and neuropeptides. The analysis of the cholinergic differentiation during development revealed important principles involved in the generation of neuronal diversity, in particular the importance of signals from the innervated target. Some peripheral targets, such as the sweat glands in the mammalian footpads, are purely cholinergically innervated in the adult, whereas skeletal muscle arteries receive both noradrenergic and cholinergic innervation. For sympathetic neurons innervating sweat glands there is convincing evidence that these neurons are initially noradrenergic and that the interaction of innervating fibers and target tissue induces a shift in the neurotransmitter phenotype from noradrenergic to cholinergic. In addition to this target-dependent differentiation, an earlier expression of cholinergic characters was observed in sympathetic ganglia that occurs before target contact. These data raise the possibility that different subpopulations of cholinergic sympathetic neurons, innervating distinct peripheral targets, may develop along distinct schedules. In vitro studies suggest that growth factors of the family of neuropoietic cytokines are involved in the specification of the cholinergic sympathetic phenotype. Recent in vivo studies that interfered with cytokine receptor expression in developing avian sympathetic ganglia indicate that only the late, target-dependent differentiation depends on cytokine signaling. The signals involved in the early, target-independent expression of cholinergic properties remain to be determined, as well as the identity of the target-derived cytokine. Thus, cholinergic sympathetic differentiation seems to be more complex than expected, involving either both target-independent and target-dependent control or only target-induced differentiation, according to the specific neuronal subpopulation and target.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: nerve growth factor ; neural crest ; sympathetic system ; axonal transport ; in situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The role of nerve growth factor (NGF) as a retrograde messenger between peripheral target tissues and innervating sympathetic and neural crest-derived sensory neurons is supported by the observations that (a) the interruption of retrograde axonal transport has the same effects as the neutralization of endogenous NGF by anti-NGF antibodies and (b) the close correlation between the density of innervation by fibers of NGF-responsive neurons and the levels of NGF and mRNANGF in their target organs. 2. In situ hybridization experiments have demonstrated that a great variety of cells in the projection field or NGF-responsive neurons is synthesizing NGF, among them epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and Schwann cells. 3. The temporal correlation between the growth of trigeminal sensory fibers into the whisker pad of the mouse and the commencement of NGF synthesis initially suggested a causal relationship between these two events. However, in chick embryos rendered aneural by prior removal of the neural tube or the neural crest, it was shown that the onset of NGF synthesis in the periphery is independent of neurons, and is controlled by an endogenous “clock” whose regulatory mechanism remains to be established. 4. A comparison between NGF synthesis in the nonneuronal cells of the newborn rat sciatic nerve and that in the adult sciatic nerve after lesion provided evidence for the important regulatory role played by a secretory product of activated macrophages. The identity of this product is currently under investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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