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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Israel squeezed out (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 307 (1984), S. 408-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Israeli scientists will not be able to participate in the 7th International Biotechnology Symposium to be held in New Delhi, India, 19-24 February 1984. According to the organizers, scientists from countries without an Indian Mission will obtain entry permits/visas if the organizers are ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/307408b0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scale up of the production of xylitol dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase from Pachysolen tannophilus grown on xylose (1987)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 26 (1987), S. 231-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Coproduction of two enzymes, xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), was attempted using the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus. Production of both enzymes was scaled up to a volume of 500 l with the yeast growing on xylose a the sole carbon source. Maximal amount of XDH was obtained by harvesting the cells at the end of the logarithmic growth phase. Activity of XDH was induced by imposing anaerobic conditions, thereby yielding 10 times more enzyme than was obtained for aerobic growth conditions. In crude extracts, obtained by passage through a French press (20 000 p.s.i.), XDH activity was 0.057 u/mg protein and ADH was 0.15 u/mg for aerobic growth and 1.5 u/mg for microaerophilic growth. Extraction of intracellular enzymes on a large sale was performed with a combination of cell wall lytic enzymes and an industrial homogenizer (Manton-Gaulin, 3000 p.s.i.). This system enabled a continuous mode of operation (single passage through homogenizer) with a high cell density (100 g/l) and the extracts contained 0.033 u/mg of XDH and 0.45 u/mg protein of ADH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286314
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Vitro Evaluation of Calcium Pectinate: A Potential Colon-Specific Drug Delivery Carrier (1993)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 10 (1993), S. 258-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: colon-specific drug delivery ; colon ; pectin ; calcium pectinate ; matrix system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Calcium pectinate (CaP)—the insoluble salt of pectin—can potentially be used as a colon-specific drug delivery system. The use of CaP as a carrier was based on the assumption that, like pectin, it can be decomposed by specific pectinolytic enzymes in the colon but that it retains its integrity in the physiological environment of the small bowel. The biodegradation of the carrier was characterized by monitoring the percent cumulative release of the insoluble drug indomethacin, incorporated into pectin or CaP matrices. Compressed tablets of pectin and indomethacin were analyzed for degradation in the presence of Pectinex 3XL, a typical pectinolytic enzyme mixture, and in the presence of the human colonic bacterium Bacteroides ovatus. The degradation of CaP-indomethacin tablets was assessed in the presence of Pectinex 3XL and in rat cecal contents. The release of indomethacin was significantly increased (end-time percentage cumulative release vs control) in the presence of Pectinex 3XL (89 ± 20 vs 16 ± 2 for CaP tablets), Bacteroides ovatus (12 and 22 vs 5.2 for pectin tablets), and rat cecal contents (61 ± 16 vs 4.9 ± 1.1 for CaP tablets). The weight loss of tablet mass was significantly higher (end-time dry weight vs control) in the presence of Pectinex 3XL (0 vs 75 ± 6% of initial weight for CaP tablets). These findings indicate the potential of CaP, compressed into tablets with insoluble drug, to serve as a specific drug delivery system to the colon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018995029167
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of Intestinal Bacteria Adherence on Drug Diffusion Through Solid Films Under Stationary Conditions (1997)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 14 (1997), S. 503-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: bacterial adhesion ; colonic delivery ; ethyl cellulose ; insulin ; pectin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To study the in vitro and in vivo the role of surface bacterial adhesion on the diffusion of model drugs at stationary conditions. Methods. Salicylic acid (SA) diffusion through ethyl cellulose (EC) films was measured in vitro in side-by-side diffusion cells with and without E. coli of intestinal origin. Insulin (I) release from paper strips coated or uncoated with pectin films, with or without antibiotic treatment, was measured in vivo in conscious rats after cecal implantation by comparing blood glucose levels at Tmax of the pharmacodynamic effect. Results. During five hours of diffusion studies which were performed immediately following incubation of EC films with bacteria, the diffusion rate of S A throughout the films was 2.72-fold lower in the presence of bacteria compared with the diffusion rate in the control studies conducted without bacteria. The mean blood glucose levels dropped in the rat to 40.6 ± 21.6% of glucose basal levels within 2.4 ± 1.4 h when uncoated I solid carriers were used. Glucose levels did not change for pectin-coated dosage forms. After antibiotic treatment which prevented the formation of bacterial biofilm on the surface of the I solid dosage forms, blood glucose levels dropped to 22.0 ± 4.7% and 50.9 ± 20.5% of glucose basal levels within 7.4 ± 2.6 h and 1.8 ± 0.9 h for pectin uncoated or coated dosage forms, respectively. Maximum bacterial adherence occurred at stationary conditions (RPM = 0), while at maximum agitation (200 RPM), almost no adherence occurred. Conclusions. (a) Bacterial adherence slows down the diffusion rate of SA through EC films; (b) Under stationary conditions bacterial adherence may also interfere with drug release from biodegradable (pectin) films; (c) Successful functioning of biodegradable colon-specific delivery systems depends on agitation and surface friction in the lumen of the colon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012159818727
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclodextrin-stimulated fermentation of prodigiosin bySerratia marcescens (1990)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 12 (1990), S. 447-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01024402
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of L-malic acid production by Aspergillus flavus in a stirred fermentor (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 1108-1116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: organic acids ; Aspergillus flavus ; molar yield ; stirred fermentor ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Effects of various nutritional and environmental factors on the accumulation of organic acids (mainly L-malic acid) by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus flavus were studied in a 16-L stirred fermentor. Improvement of the molar yield (moles acid produced per moles glucose consumed) of L-malic acid was obtained mainly by increasing the agitation rate (to 350 rpm) and the Fez+ ion concentration (to 12 mg/L) and by lowering the nitrogen (to 271 mg/L) and phosphate concentrations (to 1.5 mM) in the medium. These changes resulted in molar yields for L-malic acid and total C4 acids (L-malic, succinic, and fumaric acids) of 128 and 155%, respectively. The high molar yields obtained (above 100%) are additional evidence for the operation of part of the reductive branch of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in L-malic acid accumulation by A. flavus. The fermentation conditions developed using the above mentioned factors and 9% CaCO3 in the medium resulted in a high concentration (113 g/L L-malic acid from 120 g/L glucose utilized) and a high overall productivity (0.59 g/L h) of L-malic acid. These changes in acid accumulation coincide with increases in the activities of NAD+-malate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and citrate synthase.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260371117
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