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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergen skin weal/radioallergosorbent test relationship in childhood populations that differ in histamine skin reactivity: a multi-national survey (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Histamine skin reactivity (HSR, the dimension of the skin weal elicited by histamine 10 mg/mL) is a variable that differs in children from different European countries and increases over time in the same place (Italy).Objective In this epidemiologic study, we investigated to what extent differences in HSR influence the relationship between positive allergen skin prick tests (ASPTs) and serum-specific IgE concentrations.Methods Between October 2001 and February 2002, 591 unselected 9–10-year-old schoolchildren drawn from five small towns in central Poland (Starachowice), central Italy (Ronciglione, Guardea) and Libya (Al-Azyzia, near the Mediterranean sea and Samno, 900 km south of the coast) were analysed for histamine, common ASPT and for serum total and specific IgE.Results HSR differed markedly in children from the three countries (Libya〉Italy〉Poland) whereas serum total IgE concentrations remained the same. The prevalence of children with measurable serum specific IgE (〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA2142:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉0.35 kU) or with a positive ASPT for five common allergens was high in Italy, lower in Poland and far lower in Libya. A 3-mm ASPT weal corresponded to a serum-specific IgE concentration that was two to threefold higher in children with low HSR compared with children with high HSR (P=0.008).Conclusion These findings suggest that HSR – a variable that differs in schoolchildren populations from the three countries studied – independently influences the results of ASPT and its influence should be considered when ASPT are assessed in international studies. The HSR differences found in the populations reported here probably reflect a complex, dynamic, environmental interaction that should be monitored in the different parts of the world.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02142.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immediate skin reactivity to histamine and to allergens in cohorts of 9-year-old schoolchildren studied 16 years apart (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Differing or increasing prevalence of positive allergen skin-prick tests observed in Europe could at least in part be explained by population changes in histamine skin reactivity. These changes would also alter the relationship between positive allergen skin-prick tests and serum IgE.Objective To assess changes in histamine reactivity, allergen skin-prick tests and serum IgE in our geographical setting.Methods We compared the outcome of two epidemiological surveys conducted 16 years apart in unselected 9-year-old schoolchildren (170 in 1983 and 176 in 1999) from a semi-rural region in central Italy. Outcome measures were skin-prick tests with two histamine concentrations (10 and 1 mg/mL) and 11 locally relevant allergens; serum total and specific IgE for positive allergens.Results The two histamine concentrations induced significantly larger mean weal diameters in 1999 than in 1983 (10 mg/mL: 5.28±0.82 mm vs. 3.25±0.97 mm; P〈0.001). Whereas the prevalence of subjects with at least one positive allergen-induced weal reaction (≥3 mm) increased over the 16 years (from 15.3% in 1983 to 25.6% in 1999), the prevalence of positive skin-prick tests, expressed as the allergen/ histamine weal ratio, remained almost unchanged. A given allergen weal diameter yielded less total (P〈0.05 by Student's t-test for cumulative weals 〈8 mm) and specific (P〈0.01 by Student's t-test for weals 〈3 mm, P〈0.05 by Kruskal–Wallis test) serum IgE in 1999 than in 1983.Conclusions Although the causes and mechanisms remain unclear, the increased histamine skin reactivity over time is associated with an increase in positive allergen skin-prick tests. In the presence of increased tissue and organ susceptibility to histamine, minute amounts of specific IgE could have important biological consequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01746.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergen skin weal/radioallergosorbent test relationship in childhood populations that differ in histamine skin reactivity: a multi-national survey (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02232.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes over 13 years in skin reactivity to histamine in cohorts of children aged 9–13 years (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Several studies report substantial differences in the prevalence of skin test reactivity to allergens in children from adjacent geographic areas; others report an increased prevalence over time. To find out whether these differences depend on variations in skin reactivity to histamine, we determined the time trend of histamine wheal sizes in successive cohorts of unselected children living in the same area (Viterbo, Italy). Methods: We conducted three epidemiologic surveys, each including children aged 9 and 13 years. The 1983–7 study investigated 170 children (150 were tested twice); the 1992 study, 158 children; and the 1996 study, 208 children. Results: In both age groups, the mean diameter of the wheal induced by histamine skin prick tests (10 mg/ml) increased significantly over time (9-year-olds: 3.25 mm in 1983, 4.68 in 1992, and 5.89 in 1996; 13-year-olds: 3.89 mm in 1987, 5.18 in 1992, and 6.50 in 1996) (P〈0.001 between subsequent studies). The distribution of the wheal diameters for both ages showed a trend to a right shift in the three successive studies (P〈0.001). The dose-response curves for three histamine concentrations (0.2, 1, and 10 mg/ml) had significantly steeper slopes in 1996 than in 1983–7 (P〈0.001). Conclusions: The marked time-related increase in the size of the histamine wheals could help to explain the trend toward an increased prevalence of positive allergen skin test reactions reported during the past years. The causes of increased skin reactivity to histamine remain conjectural.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.056005436.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sleep apnoea in children with diabetes mellitus: effect of glycaemic control (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 696-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Sleep apnoea, diabetes, children, autonomic nervous dysfunction, glycaemic control.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Patients with diabetes mellitus commonly have cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and an abnormal ventilatory pattern during sleep. Few data are available on these changes in childhood diabetes. We investigated whether young diabetic children with or without diabetic neuropathy have ventilatory dysfunction during sleep and if so, whether these autonomic changes are related to the duration of diabetes and glycaemic control.¶Methods. We studied 25 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (19 boys, mean age 7.72 ± 1.99 years). All patients were insulin-dependent at diagnosis; blood samples for HbA1 c assay were collected on the morning before testing and at 3-month intervals during the preceding year. Patients and control subjects (20 age-matched healthy children, 15 boys) underwent overnight polysomnography.¶Results. More diabetic patients than control subjects had sleep apnoeas (p = 0.006); apnoeas in patients also lasted longer (p = 0.07). Patients with poorly controlled diabetes had more apnoeas than patients with well–controlled diabetes and than healthy control subjects (p 〈 0.0001). Respiratory events during sleep correlated significantly with glycaemic control (r = 0.360; p = 0.09) and with the duration of diabetes (r = 0.430; p = 0.04).¶Conclusion/interpretation. We conclude that respiratory control is compromised very early in children with diabetes. These anomalies are closely related to the duration of diabetes and to glycaemic control. In young children with diabetes, screening of ventilatory control using recording techniques that are simpler than polysomnography could provide an early indication that an adverse cardiopulmonary reaction has begun. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 696–702]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051365
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance Patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Children in Central Italy (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 18 (1999), S. 376-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from children aged 3–5 years in central Italy who were attending day-care centres or hospital outpatient clinics. One hundred and twenty-one strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated were tested for susceptibility to penicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole. A high prevalence of penicillin-resistant (14%), erythromycin-resistant (60%) and multiply resistant strains (53%) were found. An unusual finding was that 49 of the 64 (76.6%) multiply resistant strains were penicillin-susceptible, 28 serogroup 6 strains also being resistant to the other antibiotics tested. Such strains have not previously been reported from Italy but have the same features as strains recently found in child carriers in the eastern Mediterranean area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00015024
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