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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of nicorandil in patients with normal and impaired renal function (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 203-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Nicorandil ; pharmacokinetics ; angina pectoris ; uraemia ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of oral nicorandil 20 mg 12 hourly for 9 doses was evaluated in 21 hospitalized patients with angina pectoris due to coronary heart disease and with normal and impaired renal function. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on creatinine clearance (CLCr): GROUP I (n=6) 〉 80 ml/min, GROUP II (n=8) 20–80 ml/min, and GROUP III (n=7) 〈 20 ml/min. After the first dose, the total clearance of nicorandil (CL) value did not change with increasing renal failure and so was not dependent on creatinine clearance. After the last dose CL was 51 l·h−1 in Group I, 44 l·h−1 in Group II and 56 l·h−1 in Group III, and it was not related to creatinine clearance. The percentage of the dose excreted in the urine was 0.4%. No significant difference was noted in any of the other pharmacokinetic parameters examined in the three groups, not even on comparing values obtained on the first and last days of treatment. The findings suggest that there is no need to change the dose of nicorandil in subjects with different degrees of renal failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278485
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in elderly patients and in healthy young subjects (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 105-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Ofloxacin ; pharmacokinetic ; geriatric patients ; young healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone widely used in the treatment of bacterial infections, may be different according to age, owing to the biological differences that exist between an elderly organism and a young subject, expecially as regards the renal and the hepatic function. In our study the pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in 12 elderly patients was found to be different from those of 12 healthy young volunteers. The elimination half-life (t½) was slightly shorter in the young subjects than in the elderly: 6.2 (0.9)h against 8.5(1.2)h respectively. The oral total clearance was lower in the geriatric patients compared to the young healthy volunteers: 83.3(16.6) ml/min in the first group, and 23.3(33.3) ml/min in the second group. AUC and peak plasma concentration in elderly exceeded those noted in young healthy volunteers. The results of this study suggest that, compared with younger subjects, older patients experience delayed elimination of ofloxacin. It would be reasonable, from a pharmacokinetic point of view, to limit the dose of ofloxacin in patients more than 75 years old, at least to one half of that given to younger patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280765
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cefoxitin in newborn infants (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 507-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cefoxitin ; newborn infants ; bacterial infection ; pharmacokinetics ; cephalosporin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifteen patients less than 2 months old with bacterial infections caused by pathogens known or presumed to be sensitive to cefoxitin were studied. Cefoxitin was administered as an i.v. bolus injection over 15 min, every 8 h for 6 to 12 days, to a total daily dosage of 90 mg/kg. In 14 patients cefoxitin therapy resulted in eradication of the pathogen and in recovery from clinical signs of infection. Only one patient did not respond to cefoxitin therapy. No adverse clinical or haematological effects definitely caused by cefoxitin were observed. Plasma and urine samples collected after the first dose were assayed for cefoxitin by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic data indicated larger apparent volume of distribution (0.51/kg), a smaller plasma clearance (0.271/h/kg) and a longer half-life (1.43 h) than in adults. The plasma half-life was inversely correlated (p〈0.05) to the postnatal age of the patients. Cefoxitin may be safely used in infants with infections caused by susceptible pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542119
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theophylline dosage regimen which reduces round-the-clock variations in plasma concentrations resulting from diurnal pharmacokinetic variation (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 243-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; diurnal kinetic variation ; constant plasma concentration ; sustained release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Slower drug absorption at night can leave residual drug from an evening dose of a sustained-release product remaining to be absorbed at the time of the next morning's dose, thereby giving higher plasma concentrations of the drug during the day than the night. When a capsule product releasing theophylline over 12 h after a morning dose was given repetitively at 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. for 4 days, daytime plasma concentrations from 4 h to 8 h after the dose were about 40% greater than corresponding night-time concentrations, and the mean steady-state concentration during the night-time interval was only 81% of that during the daytime interval. Altering the regimen to one capsule at 12 noon and one at 10 p.m. eliminated all significant differences between a.m. and corresponding p.m. plasma concentrations of theophylline and between the mean steady-state concentrations for each of the interdose intervals within a day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637556
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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