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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: LAK cells ; Ricin ; Lung metastases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adoptive transfer of tumour-specific T lymphocytes loaded with ricin into tumour-bearing mice exerts a transient therapeutic effect against locally induced tumours [Cerundolo et al. (1987) Br J Cancer 55: 413]. As transferred cells preferentially locate in the lung, we studied the therapeutic effect of ricin-loaded, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells on lung metastases induced by M4 or B16-F1 (F1) tumour cell injection. In vitro studies demonstrated that ricin-treated LAK cells were about 100-fold more efficient than untreated LAK cells in inhibiting growth of the ricin-sensitive M4 tumour cell line. This effect was most likely due to the released ricin, as treated and untreated LAK cells inhibited the relatively toxin-resistant F1 cell line to the same extent. Ricin treatment did not alter the tissue distribution of intravenously (i.v.) injected LAK cells, which selectively localized in the lung early after inoculation, whether or not metastases were present. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that ricintreated LAK cells were significantly more efficient than untreated LAK cells in inhibiting M4- but not F1-induced lung metastases. These results indicate that LAK cells are able to deliver a therapeutic concentration of antineoplastic compounds directly to the lung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1327
    Keywords: Key words Ferredoxin ; Iron-sulfur clusters ; NMR ; Hyperfine shifts ; Magnetic interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The oxidized Fe7S8 ferredoxin from Bacillus schlegelii, containing both [Fe3S4]+ and [Fe4S4]2+ clusters, has been investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. An extensive sequence-specific assignment of the hyperfine-shifted resonances has been obtained by making use of a computer-generated structural model. The pattern and the temperature dependence of the hyperfine shifts of the β-CH2 protons of the cysteines coordinating the [Fe3S4]+ cluster are rationalized in terms of magnetic interactions between the iron ions. The same approach holds for the hyperfine coupling with 57Fe. It is shown that the magnetic interactions are more asymmetric in Fe7S8 ferredoxins than in Fe3S4 ferredoxins. The NMR non-observability of the β-CH2 protons of coordinated cysteines in the one-electron-reduced form has been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1327
    Keywords: Key words Rubredoxin ; Solution structure ; Paramagnetism ; Nuclear relaxation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The solution structure of reduced Clostridium pasteurianum rubredoxin (MW 6100) is reported here. The protein is highly paramagnetic, with iron(II) being in the S=2 spin state. The Hβ protons of the ligating cysteines are barely observed, and not specifically assigned. Seventy-six percent of the protons have been assigned and 1267 NOESY peaks (of which 1037 are meaningful) have been observed. Nonselective T 1 measurements have been measured by recording four nonselective 180°-τ-NOESY at different τ values, and fitting the intensity recoveries to an exponential recovery. Thirty-six metal-proton upper and lower distance constraints have been obtained from the above measurements. The use of such constraints is assessed with respect to spin delocalization on the sulfur donor atoms. The solution structure obtained with the program DYANA has been refined through restrained energy minimization. A final family of 20 conformers is obtained with no distance violations larger than 0.24 Å, and RMSD values to the mean structure of 0.58 and 1.03 Å for backbone and all heavy atoms, respectively (measured on residues 3–53). The structure is compared to the X-ray structure of the oxidized and of the zinc substituted protein, and to the available structures of other rubredoxins. In particular, the comparison with the crystal structure and the solution structure of the Zn derivative of the highly thermostable Pyrococcus furiosus rubredoxin suggested that the relatively low thermal stability of the clostridial rubredoxin may be tentatively ascribed to the loosening of its secondary structure elements. This research is a further achievement at the frontier of solution structure determinations of paramagnetic proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    JBIC 1 (1996), S. 364-367 
    ISSN: 1432-1327
    Keywords: Key words Heme proteins ; Ligand strength ; Ligand field ; Angular overlap calculations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The influence of the properties of the axial ligands in heme proteins on the electronic structure of the iron(III) ion has been studied through angular overlap calculations. In particular, a correlation between (a) ligand field parameters and spectroscopic data and (b) the reduction potentials of the iron ion is proposed. The results of this approach are discussed with respect to their relevance for the biological function of different heme proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: NMR ; iron-sulfur proteins ; nuclear Overhauser effect ; paramagnetic relaxation ; relaxation matrix analysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have accounted for the effect of paramagnetism on the intensities of NOEs in a 73-residue paramagnetic metalloprotein, the reduced high-potential iron sulfur protein ISO I from Ectothiorhodospira halophila, whose solution structure had been recently solved by us. The paramagnetic effects were dealt with through a suitably modified complete relaxation matrix approach. We have then recalculated the structure through a distance geometry program by minimizing the difference between the sixth roots of the calculated and experimental NOEs.The average RMSD, calculated on residues 4-71, within the structures constituting the two families decreased from 0.67 to 0.46 Å for backbone atoms and from 1.23 to 1.06 Å for all heavy atoms. The structures in the new family are for the most part within the indetermination of the previous, less resolved, family. A few specific differences are detected and related to the presence of non-negligible paramagnetic effects, which are now properly evaluated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 29 (1997), S. 348-358 
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: ferredoxin ; NMR ; paramagnetic ; relaxation ; solution structure ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The possibility of using the relaxation properties of nuclei for solution structure determination of paramagnetic metalloproteins is critically evaluated. First of all, it is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that magnetization recovery in non-selective inversion recovery experiments can be approximated to an exponential in both diamagnetic and paramagnetic systems. This permits the estimate of the contribution of paramagnetic relaxation when dominant or sizable. Then, it is shown that the averaging of paramagnetic relaxation rates due to cross relaxation is often tolerably small with respect to the use of paramagnetic relaxation rates as constraints for structural determination. Finally, a protocol is proposed to use such paramagnetic relaxation rates, which depend on the sixth power of the metal to resonating nucleus distance, as constraints for solution structure determination of proteins. As an example, the available solution structure of the oxidized ferredoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum has been significantly improved in resolution especially in the proximity of the metal ions by using 69 new constraints based on paramagnetic relaxation. Proteins 29:348-358, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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