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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Soluble Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule in Rat Brain, CSF, and Plasma (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 59 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The polypeptide composition and glycosylation of soluble isoforms of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in developing rat brain, CSF, and plasma were characterized. Soluble NCAM in rat brain consisted of several glycosylated isoforms. The degree of glycosylation was developmentally regulated. After desialylation, four polypeptides of Mr values of ∼ 190,000 (sl), 135,000 (s2), 115,000 (s3), and 110,000 (s4) were observed. Polypeptides si, s2, and s3 were also present in CSF, whereas only s3 and s4 were observed in plasma. Treatment of soluble brain NCAM with N-glycosidase F, which removes N-linked carbohydrates, produced polypeptides of Mr values of ∼ 190,000, 125,000, and 108,000–97,000. The monoclonal antibody OB11, which recognizes an epitope on the cytoplasmic part of transmembrane forms of NCAM, did not react with any of the soluble isoforms. Purified soluble NCAM, consisting mainly of s3, contained an N-terminal sequence identical to that of membrane-associated NCAM. Gel nitration of s3 indicated that it was present as a dimer under the chosen conditions. NCAM-expressing glioma cells adhered specifically to immobilized soluble NCAM. This implies that functionally significant soluble forms of NCAM are present in the extracellular fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08321.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of CD44 isoforms and β1,6-branched oligosaccharides in human malignant melanoma is correlated with tumor progression but not with mettastatisc potential (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: CD44, a family of closely related glycoproteins generated by alternative splicing, as well as the increased β1,6-branching of Asn-linked oligosaccharides (β1,6-branches), have been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. We have investigated the expression of CD44 standard (CD44s), various CD44 splice variants (CD44v3,- v4,- v5,- v6 and- v9), and of β1,6-branches in a total of 37 paraffin-embedded human primary melanomas and metastases.Out of the 28 studied primary melanomas, 27 were positive for CD44s, 21 for CD44v5 (cytoplasmic staining) and 26 for β1,6 branches. Furthermore, superficial spreading melanomas showed a significant (p=0.004) stronger staining for CD44s than the thick (〉 1.5 mm) nodular melanomas, whereas no significant difference was found with regard to staining for CD44v5 and β1,6-branches. Eight of the 9 studied melanoma metastases were positive for CD44s, 6 for CD44v5 (cytoplasmic staining) and 7 for β1,6-branches. No CD44v3, -v4, -v6 and -v9 could be detected in any of the tumors. On average, metastases as compared to primary tumors, exhibited a significant (p=0.002) weaker staining for CD44s. However, metastasizing melanomas could not be distinguished from non-metastasizing ones based on CD44 immunostaining.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.1997.tb01582.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektronenmikroskopische Befunde an inneren Organen bei Morbus Fabry (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 378 (1978), S. 75-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Morbus Fabry ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze-fracturing ; Heterozygotic women ; Homozygotic men
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden elektronenmikroskopische Beobachtungen zur Lokalisation und zur Feinstruktur der Glykolipideinschlüsse in verschiedenen inneren Organen bei Morbus Fabry berichtet. Die intrazellulÄren und extrazellulÄren Einschlüsse bestehen aus vielschichtig lamellÄren Membransystemen in konzentrischer und exzentrischer sowie in stapeiförmiger paralleler Anordnung. Diese lamellÄre Anordnung ist charakteristisch für flüssigkristalline Phasen von Phospholipid-Wasser-Systemen. Erstmalig werden ultrastrukturelle Befunde an den inneren Organen einer erkrankten Frau mitgeteilt. Demzufolge lassen sich bei heterozygoten Frauen gleiche Glykolipidablagerungen wie bei homozygoten MÄnnern nachweisen. Die Beziehung der Glykolipideinschlüsse zu den Lysosomen wird erörtert.
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic findings are reported on the localization and fine structure of glycolipid inclusions in different organs (heart, kidney, lymph nodes, arterial blood vessels, pancreas) in Fabry's disease in a female. The intracellular and extracellular inclusions were made up of multilamellar membraneous systems in concentric, excentric, and parallel arrangement. This fine structure is characteristic of liquid-crystalline phases of phospholipid-water systems. The same type of inclusions are found in the internal organs of heterozygotic women as in homozygotic men. The relationship between the glycolipid inclusions and the lysosomes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427188
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NCAM in developing mouse gonads and ducts (1991)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 184 (1991), S. 541-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cell adhesion ; Gonads ; Development ; NCAM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of theNeuralCell AdhesionMolecule, NCAM, in mouse gonads and ducts was studied from fetal life to maturity. The methods used were immunocytochemical staining and Western blotting. The immunocytochemical studies showed that the only structures that remain NCAM-positive throughout life were the mesonephric-derived rete ovarii and rete testis. Also in the fetal gonads some somatic cell lining the groups of differentiating germ cells were stained. In the immature as well as in the mature ovary the granulosa cells and oocytes of growing and large follicles — but not of small follicles — were stained. A particularly strong staining of the cytoplasm of the oocyte, healthy as well as atretic, was seen. All cells of the testis remained negative except for weakly stained residual bodies and late spermatids. At all ages the male ducts showed only weak staining, whereas in the female Müllerian duct the epithelium became strongly positive at puberty. The stroma of the Müllerian duct was positive during a transitory period around day 16 of fetal life in both sexes. One-dimensional gel immunoblotting of total protein from gonads, rete and ducts from immature and mature mice showed that only the two largest isoforms of NCAM (NCAM-A and NCAM-B) were present. The gonads and the rete of both sexes and the adult uterus expressed only NCAM-B, whereas NCAM-A was also detected in the adult epididymis. The present findings suggest that NCAM may be involved in the normal development and formation of both the gonads and ducts. In particular, NCAM may play a part in sustaining the integrity of the rete testis, thus ensuring the pathway for spermatozoa from the testis to the epididymis. Furthermore this cell adhesion molecule may also be important for follicular growth and differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00942576
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD44 standard and variant isoform expression in normal human skin appendages and epidermis (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 283-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  CD44 isoforms have been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis formation. This study presents a thorough immunohistochemical analysis of CD44 standard and isoform expression in normal human skin appendages and epidermis applying monoclonal antibodies against CD44s, CD44v3, -v4, -v5, -v6, and -v9. An improved immunohistochemical protocol with microwave-based antigen retrieval in paraffin sections and heavy metal amplification of the diaminobenzidine reaction product provided enhanced resolution and sensitivity as compared to studies on frozen sections. The hair follicle, the seborrheic and eccrine sweat glands were strongly positive for all CD44 isoforms studied. In the latter, the clear cells but not the dark (intercalated) cells were positive. The sudoriferous ducts adjacent to the glands were weakly positive for all CD44 isoforms and strongly positive near the skin surface. In the apocrine glands, the basal cells showed only a moderate positivity. The myoepithelial cells expressed only CD44s. In the epidermis, all CD44 isoforms were detectable, with strongest CD44 immunostaining in the lower third of the stratum spinosum and weaker staining in the stratum basale and the upper two-thirds of the stratum granulosum. The stratum granulosum and corneum were unreactive. Thus, a regional and cell type-specific CD44 expression was revealed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050044
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD44 standard and variant isoform expression in normal human skin appendages and epidermis (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 283-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CD44 isoforms have been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis formation. This study presents a thorough immunohistochemical analysis of CD44 standard ann isoform expression in normal human skin appendages and epidermis applying monoclonal antibodies against CD44s, CD44v3,-v4,-v5,-v6, and-v9. An improved immunohistochemical protocol with microwave-based antigen retrieval in paraffin section and heavy metal amplificatio of the diaminobenzidine reaction product provided enhanced resolution and sensitivity as compared to studies on frozen sections. The hair follile, the seborrheic and eccrine sweat glands were strongly positive for all CD44 isoforms studied. In the latter, the clear cells but not the dark (intercalated) cells were positive. The sudoriferous ducts adjacent to the glands were weakly positive for all CD44 isoforms and strongly positive near the skin surface. In the apocrine glands, the basal cells showed only a moderate positivity. The myoepithelial cells expressed only CD44s. In the epidermis, all CD44 isoforms were detectable, with strongest CD44 immunostaining in the lower third of the stratum spinosum and weaker staining in the stratum basale and the upper two-thirds of the stratum granulosum. The stratum granulosum and corneum were unreactive. Thus, a regional and cell type-specific CD44 expression was revealed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02473238
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD44 isoform expression in the diffuse neuroendocrine system. I. Normal cells and hyperplasia (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 543-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Isoforms of the transmembrane glycoprotein CD44, which are generated by alternative splicing of nine variant exons, have been implicated in tumor cell adhesion, invasion and metastatic spread and may be indicators of the degree of tumor differentiation. Since little is known about the distribution of CD44 in non-neoplastic neuroendocrine cell types, we systematically investigated 42 samples of tissue from different organs, including the pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal gland, lung, pancreas, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, appendix, and colon, immunohistochemically for the expression of CD44 standard and variant exon-encoded gene products (CD44v3, v4, v5, v6, v9). Furthermore, double immunolabeling for CD44 and a variety of peptide hormones was applied to characterize the different neuroendocrine cell types. Our results show that neuroendocrine cells derived from the neuroectoderm lack CD44 immunoreactivity. However, those originated from the endoderm exhibit a variable CD44 immunostaining which is related to their anatomical localization and the degree of differentiation irrespective of the hormone produced. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CD44 positive neuroendocrine cells predominantly express CD44 isoforms of the epithelial type and that hyperplastic clusters of neuroendocrine cells of pancreatic ducts express CD44 most probably as a sign of dedifferentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050075
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD44 isoform expression in the diffuse neuroendocrine system. II. Benign and malignant tumors (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 551-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The membrane glycoprotein CD44 may be associated with aggressive behavior, dissemination, and poor prognosis of a variety of human tumors. In order to extend our knowledge on the expression and significance of CD44 in cells of the dispersed neuroendocrine system we investigated a spectrum of 134 neuroendocrine tumors, including pituitary adenomas, medullary thyroid carcinomas, parathyroid adenomas, pheochromocytomas, neuroblastomas, small-cell lung carcinomas, and bronchopulmonary, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors immunohistochemically for CD44 standard and variant exon-encoded gene products (CD44v3, -v4, -v5, -v6, -v9). Furthermore, we compared protein expression with that of CD44 mRNA by reverse-transcriptase PCR and Southern blot hybridization in a subset of tumors. Our results show that CD44 expression is correlated with the ”histogenetic origin” of the appropriate neuroendocrine neoplasm. Endoderm-derived tumors generally express 3′-end CD44 variant exon-containing isoforms, whereas neural crest-derived tumors rarely are positive for CD44. Furthermore, we provide evidence that CD44 expression is not correlated with metastatic disease or a particular hormonal phenotype but exhibits an association with the degree of cellular differentiation. Thus, CD44 is not useful as marker for malignancy or prognosis. The number of patients with clinical follow-up data in our study was too small to allow definite conclusions about a possible correlation between CD44 expression and prognosis. But CD44 may help to better classify neoplasms with an unclear neuroendocrine phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050076
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved mRNA in situ hybridization on formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue using signal amplification with different haptenized tyramides (1998)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 110 (1998), S. 571-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report an optimized in situ hybridization (ISH) protocol with a rapid signal amplification procedure based on catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD) to increase the sensitivity of non-isotopic mRNA ISH on formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. The CARD method is based on the deposition of haptenized tyramide molecules in the vicinity of hybridized probes catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. Commercially available and newly synthesized haptenized tyramides, including digoxigenin-, biotin-, di- and trinitrophenyl- as well as fluorescein-tyramide, were compared. The haptenized tyramides were visualized using peroxidase conjugated anti-hapten antibodies followed by the diaminobenzidine reaction. As a test system, we applied digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotides to detect insulin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide mRNA in pancreatic endocrine tumors and liver metastases. Our results indicate that specificity, sensitivity, and applicability of oligonucleotide mRNA ISH can be significantly improved by using chemically digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes and signal amplification by CARD. Furthermore, all tested tyramides provided approximately equal amplification efficiency. In conclusion, CARD signal amplification should further promote mRNA ISH studies on paraffin-embedded tissues and allow for multiple-target nucleic acid detection in situ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050319
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical evaluation of endomannosidase distribution in rat tissues: evidence for cell type-specific expression (2000)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 114 (2000), S. 461-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Keywords: Endomannosidase Immunohistochemistry Endothelia Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins are subject to a series of trimming reactions by glucosidases and mannosidases in the endoplasmic reticulum which result in the removal of all three glucose residues and several of the nine mannose residues. At present, endomannosidase represents the only processing enzyme which cleaves internally and provides an alternate deglucosylation pathway. However, in contrast to the endoplasmic reticulum residential proteins glucosidase I and II, endomannosidase is primarily situated in the Golgi apparatus of rat liver hepatocytes and hepatocyte cell lines. We have performed a confocal immunohistochemical study to investigate endomannosidase in various rat tissues and used a monoclonal antibody against Golgi mannosidase II as a marker for the Golgi apparatus. Although immunofluorescence for both endomannosidase and Golgi mannosidase II was detectable in the epithelia of many tissues, renal proximal tubular cells, cortex and medulla of adrenal gland, gastric mucosa, and Leydig cells of testis were unreactive for endomannosidase. Furthermore, the endothelia in all studied tissues were unreactive for endomannosidase but positive for Golgi mannosidase II. It is concluded that by immunohistochemistry endomannosidase exhibits a cell type-specific expression in rat tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180000216
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