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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size of Jejunai Peyer's Patches and Migration of Lymphocyte Subsets in Pigs after Resection or Transposition ofthe Continuous Heal Peyer's Patch (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 31 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In pigs there are two types of Peyer's patches in the small intestine; discrete patches in the jejunum (jejPP) and a continuous patch in the terminal ileum (ilPP). The ilPP was resectioned or transposed into the upper jejunum. After the operation the size of the remaining jejPP showed no compensatory growth in either group within 10 months. However, the number of CD8+ lymphocytes in the blood, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, tonsils, and Peyer's patches and the number of CD4+ cells in the spleen and tonsils was reduced in comparison to those of agematched control pigs. Autologous blood lymphocytes were labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and retransfused. In control animals the mid-portion of the ilPP showed a lower entry of lymphocytes and the migration pattern of lymphocyte subsets was different in the animals with resectioned or transposed ilPP as compared to controls. Thus, the removal of the ilPP (about 60% of all small intestinal PP) did not result in the remaining patches adapting their size, but it did influence other lymphoid organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02759.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Migration Pattern of Lymphocyte Subsets in the Normal Rat and the Influence of Splenic Tissue (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 29 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lymphocyte subsets leave the blood and appear in the thoracic duct of normal rats at different rates. The aim of the present study was to investigate their migration pattern through blood, spleen, bone marrow, mesenteric lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches in normal Lewis rats and to study the role of the spleen using splenectomized and spleen-transplanted animals. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) were injected intravenously into rats and after 15 min, 1, 6, and 24 h the percentages of B, T, T helper (TH) and T-cytotoxic/ suppressor (TC/S) lymphocytes in the FITC+ cells were determined in cell suspensions by means of monoclonal antibodies B and T lymphocytes are preferentially localized in different organs, e.g. B, cells in Peyer's patches and T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes The migration of TH lymphocytes differed from that of TC/S lymphocytes in all the organs investigated. In the late phase after injection the migration of B and TH lymphocytes was influenced by the spleen, since after splenectomy the number of injected B lymphocytes increased and that of TH lymphocytes decreased in all organs investigated except the bone marrow. Splenic autotransplantation could not normalize the disturbed migration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb01116.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jejunal and ileal Peyer’s patches in pigs differ in their postnatal development (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 195 (1996), S. 41-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Lymphocyte subsets ; Nutrition ; Peyer’s patch morphology ; Postnatal development ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The postnatal development of the jejunal and ileal Peyer’s patches was studied before and after weaning in 1-, 1.5- and 2-month-old pigs. The follicles of the jejunal Peyer’s patches grew with age and were two times longer and wider in specified pathogen-free and conventional pigs than in germ-free animals, thus indicating an influence of the living microbial antigens from the gut lumen. In germ-free pigs the size of the ileal Peyer’s patch follicles increased between the 1st and 2nd month, whereas in the specified pathogen-free and conventional animals these follicles were comparable in size in all three age groups. In 1- to 1.5-month-old pigs the interfollicular area of jejunal Peyer’s patches was wider (0.1 ± 0.04 mm) than that of the ileal Peyer’s patch (0.04 ± 0.03 mm). Immunohistological studies showed that in germ-free pigs preferentially surface IgM+ but few IgA+ B cells were present in the follicles, domes and dome epithelia. In specified pathogen-free and conventional pigs the B cells expressed different levels of surface or cytoplasmic IgM or IgA. In all groups studied, more T cells were observed in the jejunal than in the ileal Peyer’s patch. Here, few T lymphocytes were found because of the small interfollicular areas. Small numbers of Null cells were distributed in the interfollicular regions of all animals. The results show that living microbial antigens have a major influence on the jejunal and ileal Peyer’s patches in pigs. The morphological differences between the two types of Peyer’s patches are an indication that they develop differently during postnatal life. So far it remains unclear whether these morphological differences reflect a specific function of the pig’s ileal Peyer’s patch, such as the expansion of the genetically determined B cell repertoire as has been reported for sheep.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050023
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure load and displacement of the human sacroiliac joint under in vitro loading (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 107 (1988), S. 283-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die Stabilität des Sakroiliakalgelenkes wurde mit einem in vitro Belastungssystem untersucht. Neunundvierzig Sakroiliakalgelenke von frisch entnommenen Leichenbecken wurden getestet. Die Bandstrukturen des Gelenkes zerrissen unter transversaler Belastung bei 3368 ± 923 N. Höhere Kräfte wurden bei Zerreißungen unter ventrocranialer (4933 ± 1038 N) and dorsocranialer (5150 ± 947 N) Belastung beobachtet. Bei Zerreißung betrug die Dislokation des Gelenkes in Belastungsrichtung zwischen 5,5 ± 2,3 mm unter transversaler and 6,6 ± 2,3 mm unter dorsocranialer Belastung. Unter dorsocranialer Belastung trägt die Verzahnung der Gelenkflächen von Kreuz- und Darmbein mehr zur Gelenkstabilität bei als unter ventrocranialer. Die Reibung in anderen menschlichen Gelenken ist wesentlich geringer. Die Studie zeigt, daß die anatomisch richtige Wiederherstellung ohne Dislokation die Stabilität des geschädigten Sakroiliakalgelenkes verbessert.
    Notes: Summary The stability of the sacroiliac joint was studied using an in vitro loading system. Forty-nine sacroiliac joints taken from fresh cadavers were examined. The ligamentous structures of the joint disrupted at 3368 ± 923 N under transverse loading. Higher disruption forces were observed under ventrocranial (4933 ± 1038 N) and dorsocranial (5150 ±947 N) loading. At joint failure the displacement in loading direction ranged from 5.5 ± 2.3 mm in the transverse to 6.6 ± 2.3 mm in the dorsocranial direction. In some experiments the interlocking effect between the articular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium were examined. The best interlocking capacity was observed under dorsocranial loading. This capacity is much higher than the friction in other human joints. The study shows that correct anatomical reconstruction without displacement increases the stability of the disrupted sacroiliac joint.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00451508
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