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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating the success of natural spawning of salmonids in streams (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 46 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A new method is described to estimate the survival of salmonids in streams from fertilization of the eggs to the emergence of the fry. The method is compared to other techniques generally used to estimate the egg-to-fry survival: fry traps, excavation of redds, construction of artificial redds and laboratory experiments. Especially designed boxes filled with substratum and freshly fertilized eggs are buried in the stream bed. Survival is determined at three different embryological development stages: eyed stage, hatching and emergence. Boxes are planted inside the stream bed using a special injector, so that substratum alterations are minimal around the boxes. This method was tested successfully in two different studies, one in Switzerland on the brown trout, the other one in Sweden on the sea trout.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01100.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spawning characteristics of the anadromous brown trout in a small Swedish stream (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    Journal of fish biology 66 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The spawning pattern of the anadromous brown trout Salmo trutta was studied in Själsöån, a small stream in Gotland, Sweden, during eight winters between 1992–1993 and 1999–2000. The total length (LT) at spawning was normally distributed (185–890 mm) for females and multimodal for males (300, 400 and 550 mm most frequent length classes). Spawning males were significantly younger (2+ to 4+ years) than females (3+ to 5+ years). The sex-ratio at the beginning and at the end of the spawning season favoured males. The mean ± s.d. number of spawners was 70 ± 16 individuals per year. Migration into and out of the stream occurred between November and June. The highest number of spawning fish was found in the stream at the end of November or at the beginning of December. Migration mainly occurred during high water flow and at night. The majority of the females entered the stream and spawned the same (29·3% of all the females) or the next night (32·8% of all the females) while males may have stayed for 2 to 3 weeks (21·3% of all the males) in the stream before spawning. Males usually remained much longer in the stream (mean ± s.d. 45 ± 56 days) than females (16 ± 30 days). Females lost more mass in the stream (mean ± s.d. 17·3 ± 8·6%) than males (7·7 ± 9·6%). For both sexes, mass loss was positively correlated with the time spent in the stream. Only 7·3% of the males and 5·7% of the females occurred in the stream for 〉1 year. Spawning took place only during the night.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00586.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial and temporal population structure of sea trout at the Island of Gotland, Sweden, delineated from mitochondrial DNA (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 60 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In a study of the genetic relationships among 879 anadromous brown trout Salmo trutta from 13 streams at the Island of Gotland, Sweden, using RFLP analysis of a mitochondrial DNA segment (NADH dehydrogenase-1 gene), six haplotypes were detected. Significant genetic divergence was observed among streams as well as between cohorts within streams. Approximately 8–9% of the total variation was due to differences between populations, and 4–5% was explained by differences between cohorts within populations. The female effective population size (Nef) was assessed from temporal haplotype frequency differences between consecutive cohorts; the estimated average Nef over all populations was just below 30, suggesting that these populations were effectively quite small. With such small effective sizes the populations are expected to loose genetic variability quickly, but the observed levels do not appear particularly low. This indicates that female migration between streams occurs. The observed level of differentiation does not support the presumption that a particular pre-smolt migratory behaviour observed in Gotland streams, with large portions of fry leaving for the sea soon after hatching, results in a reduced homing ability. From a conservation management perspective the Gotland brown trout streams should be regarded as a population system where the vitality and survival of brown trout in one stream is dependent on the opportunity of contact and exchange of individuals from other streams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb02387.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological variation in hybrids between Salmo marmoratus, and alien Salmo species in the Volarja stream, Soca River basin, Slovenia (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 57 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: There were significant correlations between colour pattern, LDH-5*, genotype and certain meristic characters in 59 hybrid trout Salmo, sp. from the Volarja stream, Soca River basin, Slovenia. It is concluded that panmixia between native Salmo marmoratus, and introduced S. trutta, of Atlantic, Danubian and Mediterranean origin had not been reached in this zone, despite the long period of introgression. The result is in agreement with other studies dealing with introgression in Salmo, and for management purposes certain morphological characters, especially colour pattern, can be a valuable tool in restoring the marble trout population in the Soca River.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb00481.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival and emergence pattern of sea trout fry in substrata of different compositions (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The emergence of the sea trout Salmo trutta fry of Gotland, Sweden, was studied in the laboratory. The main limiting factor for survival up to hatching was the interstitial oxygen concentration, which depends on the gravel permeability, therefore on the substratum granulometry. Fry emergence was possible in substrata in which the geometric mean particle diameter (dg) was 〉15 mm and in substrata in which dg was 〈6 mm. In the substrata of low dg, emergence took place earlier than in the other ones. As a consequence the fry were smaller and their yolk sac only partially resorbed. In an unfavourable environment, fry started to emerge as soon as they reacted positively to light, about 2 weeks after hatching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00111.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Egg-to-fry survival of the sea trout in some streams of Gotland (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 48 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The quality of the surface water of Gotland (Sweden) streams was good, and did not limit sea trout egg-to-fry (ETF) survival. The oxygen concentration of the interstitial water was positively correlated to the permeability of the stream bed, and to the geometric mean diameter of the substratum. When the oxygen at 15 cm inside the stream bed was undiminished from surface values, the permeability of the stream bed was at least 6000 cm h–1 and the geometric mean diameter of the substratum at least 15.0 mm. When the interstitial oxygen concentration increased, the interstitial ammonium concentration decreased, the NO2 concentration remained stable and the NO3 concentration increased. The ETF survival up to hatching was highly dependent upon the oxygen concentration of the interstitial water. For survival from hatching to emergence, the geometric mean diameter of the substratum was the most important factor. ETF survival 〉50% was observed where the interstitial oxygen concentration averaged at least 10mg I-1, the substratum permeability at least 2000cm h-1 and the substratum geometric mean diameter at least 15 mm. Other factors, such as overdigging and drying out of the spawning grounds could increase the ETF mortality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01454.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How does the body-scale model affect back-calculated growth: The example of arctic charr,Salvelinus alpinus (L.), of Lake Geneva (Switzerland) (1990)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 52 (1990), S. 287-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Salvelinus alpinus ; back-calculation ; scales reading
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When back-calculating fish length from scale measurements, the choice of the body-scale relationship is a fundamental step. Using data from the arctic charrSalvelinus alpinus (L.) of Lake Geneva (Switzerland) we show the need for a curvilinear model, on both statistical and biological grounds. From several 2-parameters models, the log-linear relationship appears to provide the best fit. A 3-parameters, Bertalanffy model did not improve the fit. We show moreover that using the proportional model would lead to important misinterpretations of the data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877285
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival and development of sea trout, Salmo trutta (L.), eggs in Baltic Sea saltwater
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Fisheries Research 20 (1994), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-7836
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(94)90002-7
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