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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 327-336 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Elektronenstrahltomographie ; Koronarkalzifikationen ; Koronare Herzkrankheit ; Kosteneffizienz ; Key words Electron beam tomography ; Coronary calcification ; Coronary artery disease ; Cost-efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: Electron beam CT (EBCT) can acquire rapid, multiple thin-section tomograms of the beating heart in synchrony with the electrocardiogram and quantify coronary calcification without intravenous contrast. Coronary calcification is an active process exclusively associated with atherosclerotic plaque formation and regulated in a manner similar to the calcification of bone. Clinical studies have demonstrated that EBCT coronary calcification (1) follows a pattern similar to the epidemiology of coronary artery disease (CAD), (2) has a high sensitivity (90–95 %) for coronary plaque and significant angiographic coronary stenoses, and (3) has the potential to assess the prognosis of patients with coronary atherosclerotic disease. Coronary calcium area or “score” correlates best with overall plaque burden within the coronary system. However, coronary calcium is of limited value in distinguishing coronary stenosis on a segment-by-segment basis. EBCT and CAD: Due to spiraling health care costs, there is a need for cost-efficient strategies in the diagnosis and stratification of patients with known or suspected CAD. There are two major patient groups in which EBCT calcium scanning has a potential for cost-efficient application: (1) in asymptomatic, high-risk patients, identification of significant plaque burden may direct judicious use of long-term drug therapy or further investigation to those individuals most likely to benefit from an aggressive risk factor modification and medical program; (2) in patients with chest pain syndromes but no prior CAD, EBCT calcium scanning compares favorably with conventional diagnostic methods. In particular, using receiver operating characteristic analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of an EBCT calcium score of 80 in detecting obstructive CAD are both about 85 %. Using a theoretical model, EBCT calcium scanning was found to be the most cost-effective approach to diagnosis in populations with a low-to-moderate likelihood of obstructive CAD when compared with treadmill exercise, stress thallium, and stress echocardiography. Conclusions: EBCT calcium scanning is not a substitute for coronary angiography, but it has clear advantages over other more traditional diagnostic methods for CAD. In particular, it can be performed conveniently and inexpensively in most patients. Additionally, the site and extent of calcification are intimately related to the atherosclerotic plaque burden. The analyses presented suggest that it may also provide a cost-effective clinical alternative in specific subsets of the population.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die koronare Kalzifizierung ist ein aktiver Prozeß während der Entwicklung von atherosklerotischen Plaques. Die Darstellung von koronarem Kalzium durch die Elektronenstrahltomographie (EBT) hat eine gute Sensitivität und Spezifität für die Voraussage oder den Ausschluß von signifikanten Koronarstenosen und korreliert gut mit der Prognose von Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit (KHK). Besonders bei 2 Patientengruppen kann die EBT einen kosteneffizienten Ansatz für die Diagnostik und Beurteilung darstellen: 1. Bei asymptomatischen Patienten mit hohem koronarem Risiko kann die Quantifizierung von Kalzium Patienten mit hohem Plaquevolumen identifizieren und gestattet damit den gezielten Einsatz einer teuren Langzeittherapie bei einer Population, die mit der höchsten Wahrscheinlichkeit von der Modifikation von Risikofaktoren profitieren würde. Umgekehrt schließt ein negativer Scan (ohne koronare Kalzifizierungen) eine signifikante KHK mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit aus. 2. Bei Patienten mit Angina pectoris ohne etablierte KHK stellt die EBT in einem theoretischen Modell im Vergleich zu konventionellen Belastungstest bis zu einer Prävalenz der KHK von 70 % in der Bevölkerung den kosteneffektivsten diagnostischen Ansatz dar. Danach erweist sich die direkte Koronarangiographie am billigsten. EBT hat nur ein minimales Risiko für den Patienten und kann in ausgewählten Patientenkollektiven kostengünstige therapeutische und diagnostische Entscheidungen ermöglichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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