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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 7261-7272 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Pinch formation in fiber pinch experiments has been investigated in the lower terawatt regime. The main results are: (1) there are upper limits of breakdown voltage (∼700 kV) and current rise rate (∼20 kA/ns) beyond which leak discharges develop within the vacuum feed of the pulseline KALIF; (2) there is a lower limit of fiber radius (∼10 μm) below which pinch disruptions take place at a pinch current of (approximately-greater-than)300 kA; (3) the hot (Te≤1 keV) inhomogeneous pinch plasma develops typically 10 ns after local collapses (micropinches) at a pinch current (approximately-greater-than)400 kA and lives for more than 50 ns; (4) neutron emission (yield of CD2 fibers ∼1010) appears mostly isotropic; (5) all fiber pinches show global expansion with velocities reaching from typically 10 μm/ns (initial expansion) to (approximately-greater-than)100 μm/ns; and (6) the power requirements for the fiber ablation process are contradictory to those for the final pinch phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 7162-7165 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spall strength measurements for commerical grade molybdenum and molybdenum single crystals were made in a wide range of load durations (∼10−9 s – 10−6 s) and intensities (∼5 – 100 GPa). Resistance to fracture of pure single crystals was found to exceed two times the spall strength of polycrystalline molybdenum and to increase with shorter load duration. The value of the shock wave amplitude does not influence the spall strength of single crystals. The largest spall strength obtained under nanosecond load duration amounts to 30% of the ultimate theoretical strength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 2180-2185 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interaction of a high-power proton beam with 10- to 75-μm-thick double layered aluminum targets has been investigated. The experiments were carried out at the Karlsruhe Light Ion Facility using laser Doppler velocimetry with subnanosecond temporal resolution. The results allow us to determine with high accuracy the range of 1.53 MeV protons in the hot aluminum ablation plasma and to reveal the contribution of the thermal conductivity to the state of the target. An analytical model based on an acoustic approximation was established to interpret the ablative acceleration of the target foils during the whole rise time of the accelerator voltage until the maximum ion range is reached. From this model follows that a shock wave is induced into the adjacent material only when the expansion velocity of the ablation zone exactly equals the sound velocity in the target. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 7633-7638 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The hydrodynamic response of thin planar targets to the ablative pressure pulse induced by a high-power proton beam has been investigated experimentally at the Karlsruhe Light Ion Facility using time-resolved laser-Doppler velocimetry. An analytical acoustic model was established which allows a semiquantitative interpretation of the phenomena observed. Details in the measured ablation pressure history could be explained by the particularities of the proton beam. The evolution in time of the depth of the energy deposition zone deduced from our experiments is in good agreement with the proton energy and stopping range increase during the voltage rise of the generator pulse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 115 (1974), S. 317-323 
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 111 (1973), S. 83-92 
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 91 (1971), S. 605-612 
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 153 (1978), S. 563-570 
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Rheumatoide Arthritis – entzündliche Aktivität – dynamische Thermographie ; Key words Rheumatoid arthritis – inflammatory activity – dynamic thermography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Thermography in rheumatology is most often used in a static manner: after having fulfilled the conditions of standardized preparation of the patient in a cold examination room one or more thermograms are taken in standard positions for the respective joints. In our hospital the thermograms are more or less supplementary. The main examination result is a rewarming curve of the skin over the knee joints. The rewarming is provoked by dry cooling of the skin for one minute. Calculation of the slope of the rewarming curve and plotting the slope on a logarithmic scale shows two different rewarming processes in the skin overlying inflamed joints. The faster one is the rewarming by the arterial blood flow in the skin and the slower one is an additional rewarming by a pathological venous skin blood flow originating from deeper tissues under the skin. One has to suppose that the occurrence of excessive nitric oxide production in inflamed tissues is responsible for this pathological venous skin blood flow. Until now only nine patients receiving for the first time methylprednisolone could be included in a therapy study. Therefore only slight indications can be seen in the results. Whereas the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR [mm/h] becomes more homogeneous (lower confidence interval CI 95) over the course of the treatment with decreasing drug dose, the thermal signs of inflammatory activity as measured by dynamic thermography have greater CI 95 values at the end than at the beginning of the treatment under study. This indicates that not all patients had sufficient antiinflammatory medication with the final 6 mg/d of methylprednisolone as measured by dynamic thermography but not by ESR or CRP.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Dynamische Thermographie ist in unserer Klinik die fortlaufende Messung der mittleren Hauttemperatur über den Kniegelenken des liegenden Patienten (ap-Sicht) nach einer kurzen Abkühlung mit einer trockenen Auflage von 14°C. Es wird die vollständige Wiedererwärmung gemessen, von etwa 3,5 bis 5°C unter der Temperatur vor Kühlung bis zu der annähernden Endtemperatur (restlicher Anstieg geringer als 0,1°C/min). Die Wiedererwärmungskurven spiegeln die entzündliche Aktivität lokal, also im Bereich des Gelenks, deutlicher wieder als es die Höhe der Hauttemperatur vermag. Im Ergebnisdiagramm werden die Wiederwärmungskurven beider Kniegelenke dargestellt sowie deren Steigung (im logarithmischen Maßstab). Der Graph der Steigerung zeigt für arthritische Gelenke zwei deutlich unterscheidbare Anteile. Der zeitlich erste, steilere Anteil gehört zur arteriell (zur Haut) zugeführten Wärme. Der zweite, flachere Anteil tritt unter korrekten Untersuchungsbedingungen bei gesunden Kniegelenken nicht auf. Bei den untersuchten Patienten mit RA gibt es eine lineare Korrelation zwischen der gemessenen Steigung des flacheren Anteils mit einem Urteil über thermische Zeiten von entzündlicher Aktivität im Thermogramm (n = 212 Kniegelenke). In die Therapiestudie sind bis zur Zusammenstellung der Ergebnisse erst 9 Patienten aufgenommen worden, daher kann noch nicht differenziert werden. Ein kleiner Unterschied lässt sich aus den Zusammenfassungen der Blutkörperchen-Senkungsgeschwindigkeit (BSG, Fig. 4) und der Ergebnisse der dynamischen Thermographie (Fig. 5) ablesen. Die BSG-Werte der Patienten werden im Verlauf der Behandlung deutlich niedriger und homogener (kleinerer VK95), die thermographischen Ergebnisse sind am 22. Tag weniger homogen (größerer VB95). Die Ursache für das Auftreten einer zusätzlichen langsameren Komponente der Wiedererwärmung bei lokaler entzündlicher Aktivität kann besonders im ersten Thermogramm (Fig. 1) erkannt werden. Warme Hautvenen zeigen an, dass der venöse Rückstrom über die Haut erfolgt. Man muss vermuten, dass dafür die exzessive NO-Produktion in den entzündeten Geweben verantwortlich ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 31 (1996), S. 225-231 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We compared the seasonal concentrations of 12 organochlorine (OC) compounds in samples of breast muscle, associated skin, and subcutaneous fat of blue-winged teal (Anas discors) collected in Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia (1987–1988), and of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and blue-winged teal collected in Wisconsin (1984–1989). Although these species have similar feeding habits and overlapping breeding distributions, their winter ranges differ markedly. Most blue-winged teal winter in the Neotropics, whereas most mallards remain in the temperate regions of North America. A seasonal comparison of OC exposure in these species may help determine the geographic origins of contamination. All examined OCs were found to be below concentrations known to affect reproduction in waterfowl. DDE was most often detected in blue-winged teal and PCBs, in mallards. DDE exposure may have predominantly occurred outside of Wisconsin. The DDE concentration in blue-winged teal samples collected in Wisconsin in the spring (GM=0.406 μg/g) were greater (P〈0.001) than in the fall (GM=0.033 μg/g) and greater than the concentrations in mallard samples from the spring (GM=0.058 μg/g; P〈0.001). Ciénaga Grande, however, was not a source of DDE contamination. The DDE concentrations in blue-winged teal samples from Ciénaga Grande did not differ between the spring (GM=0.037 μg/g) and the fall (GM=0.039 μg/g) and were lower (P〈0.001) than the concentration in blue-winged teal samples from Wisconsin in the spring. In contrast, PCB contamination seemed to have occurred in Wisconsin and affected mostly mallards. PCBs were not detected in the samples from Colombia and were detected in only five (8.3%) of the blue-winged teal samples from Wisconsin (GM=0.025 μg/g), however, those compounds were detected in 47% of the mallard samples collected in Wisconsin (GM=0.272 μg/g). DDE and PCB concentrations were greater (P=0.0) in mallard samples collected from wetlands adjacent to Lake Michigan than in samples from inland wetlands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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