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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COATING FLOWS (2004)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 36 (2004), S. 29-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Coating is the process of applying thin liquid layers to a substrate, often a moving web. Complex coating processes can be approached through examination of their fluid mechanical components. The flow elements reviewed in this article include the boundary layer along a moving wall, the dynamic wetting line, withdrawal from a pool, flow metered by a narrow channel, die flow, flow on an incline, the freely falling liquid curtain, premetered coating with a small gap, and flow after coating. Although some flow elements are well studied and understood, others require additional investigation. Genuinely predictive modeling of complex coating processes is not yet possible and coating practice remains largely empirical. Nonetheless, coating science is sufficiently advanced that physical insights and mathematical models greatly benefit design and practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.36.050802.122049
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous Emulsification in Ternary Systems with Mass Transfer (1972)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 11 (1972), S. 534-540 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i160044a017
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for incorporating free boundaries with surface tension in finite element fluid-flow simulators (1980)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 15 (1980), S. 639-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A boundary-location method is developed for finite element simulation of steady, two-dimensional flows of Newtonian liquid with free boundaries. In the method, boundary shape and position and the velocity and pressure fields are determined simultaneously. Inertial, viscous, gravitational, and surface tension effects are included in the development. The complete set of nonlinear finite element equations is solved by a modified frontal method combined with Newton-Raphson iteration to speed convergence. The finite element used to illustrate the method approximates the pressure as a piecewise constant function and the velocity and free boundaries as piecewise linear functions. Example calculations for flow from a slit show that the method can be effective.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620150502
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodynamic assist of dynamic wetting (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 229-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dynamic wetting speeds are limited by the gross entrainment of air between the liquid and the moving substrate. We present experimental data for the curtaincoating method, in which liquid impinges at high speed on the substrate. We also show that air entrainment is strongly affected by macroscopic hydrodynamics and is subject to hysteresis. Using boundary-layer theory, a simple hydrodynamic model is developed for the flow field in the impingement zone away from the dynamic wetting line. The model approximately accounts for the shear thinning of polymer solutions and for the influence of surface tension. We apply the molecular kinetic theory of dynamic wetting, modified to account for hydrodynamic stress, to the immediate vicinity of the wetting line. The main result is a correlation for airentrainment data.The experimentally calibrated model predicts that the hydrodynamic assist of wetting is greatest when the dynamic wetting line is located beneath the impinging curtain. Flow visualization supports this physical picture.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400205
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptotic analysis of die flow for shear-thinning fluids (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 1501-1513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The flow in a single-cavity extrusion die is considered by using 1-D equations. Since the fluid flow in a well-performing die does not deviate much from the case of perfect widthwise distribution, linearization of 1-D governing equations is often justified. It is demonstrated how linearization can lead to significant simplifications in the analysis of die flow. A self-consistent asymptotic expansion is identified to accomplish this linearization; the expansion can be generalized to obtain higher-order corrections if necessary. In contrast to previous analyses, which have generally been numerical, analytic solutions are obtained to predict widthwise flow nonuniformities in a die having a specific cavity area variation and in which cavity inertial effects are important; these solutions are valid for power-law and Newtonian fluids. A novel truncated power-law approach to modeling the flow of shear-thinning fluids in a die is proposed that combines, by using analytical criteria, the solutions for purely Newtonian or power-law flow in the cavity and slot. The validity of this approach is demonstrated through comparison with numerical results of a 1-D die model for a Carreau constitutive equation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420602
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    One-dimensional equations governing single-cavity die design (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 2401-2414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The 1-D approximate equations governing flow in a single-cavity die have been examined in detail. Although the 1-D momentum equation in the slot and mass conservation equation used in previous studies are generally the same, various forms of the 1-D momentum equation governing flow in the cavity have been utilized. A rigorous accounting of the origin of the 1-D cavity equation is given, via asymptotic techniques, integral equations, and the use of approximate velocity fields. Additionally, these techniques are employed to place the slot flow and mass conservation equations, utilized in previous studies, on a firmer theoretical ground. The derived cavity equation and differential equation system is found to be identical to that of Leonard (1985).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420902
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow of a falling film into a pool (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 705-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Complete interfacial profiles are generated for the gravity flow of a thin film into a stagnant pool. The profiles show standing waves and a rapid thinning of the film just above the static meniscus over the pool. Such effects are encountered, for example, at the bottom of wetted wall columns.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240420
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the Editor (1980)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 527-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690260331
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