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Relationship between dialysis and nutritional adequacy in haemodialysis patients (2000)

Rutledge, Claire ; McMahon, Lawrence P.

Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty

Nephrology 5 (2000), S. 0

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ISSN: 1440-1797

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: The nutritional wellbeing and dialysis adequacy of 57 stable haemodialysis patients (34 males and 23 females) from two satellite dialysis centres were assessed. Nutritional and anthropometric assessment comprised a variety of serological, historical and somatic parameters. A previously validated urea monitor was used to assess dialysis dose (Kt/V) and normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR). Over 70% were malnourished (19% severely), 60% had a nPCR 〈 1.2 g/kg per day, and 80% failed to reach an adequate energy intake. A close correlation was observed between the various measures of nutritional assessment. Almost half of the group (47%) demonstrated a Kt/V 〈 1.2, with a significantly higher level identified in females (1.3 ± 0.2 vs 1.0 ± 0.2, P 〈 0.05). This was in contrast to the nutritional data where there was an equal sex distribution. A close correlation was found between dialysis adequacy and the different nutritional and anthropometric parameters in subjects with a Kt/V 〈 1.2 (P 〈 0.01 to P 〈 0.001). Males appear to be at higher risk of malnutrition from inadequate dialysis, however, a higher than expected incidence of malnutrition was observed in both sexes who were adequately dialysed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1797.2000.00510.x

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A survey of identified kairomones and synomones used by insect parasitoids to locate and accept their hosts (1996)

Rutledge, Claire E.

Springer

Chemoecology 7 (1996), S. 121-131

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ISSN: 1423-0445

Keywords: parasitoids ; kairomones ; synomones ; host-location ; Hymenoptera ; Diptera

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary The host utilization process of insect parasitoids can be described by three stages of (1)habitatlocation, (2)host-location, and (3)host-acceptance andoviposition. There are 19 systems in which chemicals used inhabitat-location have been identified, 12 systems in which chemical cues leading tohost-location have been identified, and 16 systems in which chemicals elicitinghost-acceptance andoviposition have been identified. Both the chemical class and the source of the infochemical change with the stage of the host utilization process. Semiochemicals identified in thehabitatlocation stage were predominantly aldehydes, alcohols, sulfur-containing compounds, esters and terpenes, and were equally likely to be from the host-plant of the host, or from the host itself. Semiochemicals identified in thehost-location stage were sugars, alkanes, terpenes and heterocyclic aromatic compounds and 3/4 of them were host-produced cues. In thehost-acceptance andoviposition stage the identified semiochemicals were all produced by the host and were proteins, amino acids, triglycerides and salts. The importance of recognizing specific cues involved in host utilization by parasitoids is discussed, and suggestions for future research are made.