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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microhabitat availability in Welsh moorland and forest streams as a determinant of macroinvertebrate distribution (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 22 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1 Eighteen streams in mid-Wales were sampled for macro-invertebrates in both riffles and margins in April 1985–87. Stream macro-flora, substrata and marginal habitats were surveyed in May 1988.2. TWINSPAN classification of the macroinvertebrate data indicated three major stream groups. One was distinguished by circumneutral pH and had a flora and fauna typical of such conditions. The other two groups consisted of acidic streams with moorland and conifer afforested catchments respectively. The forest streams were the more acidic but the two groups also differed significantly in the composition of their marginal habitats.3 The acidic moorland streams had more vegetation (‘soft’ features) in the margins and supported several invertebrate taxa which were relative more abundant there than in the riffles. These taxa may be excluded from forest streams because the margins are ‘hard’ due to greater erosiveness and shading.4. In view of the increasing cover by conifer afforestation in Britain, it is clearly necessary to elucidate all its effects on stream ecosystems, which include changes to the physical environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1989.tb01098.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between the physicochemistry and macroinvertebrates of British upland streams: the development of modelling and indicator systems for predicting fauna and detecting acidity (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 24 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1 Data on the macroinvertebrate riffle fauna and physicochemistry of 368 upland streams were collated for areas in Wales. Scotland and N.W. England.2 TWINSPAN classification of the national macroinvertebrate data at the‘family' level produced either two or four groups of streams which differed markedly in invertebrate fauna and acidity. The analysis also produced an indicator key based on the presence/absence of macroinvertebrate taxa which could be used to allocate new sites to the stream groups.3 Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) indicated that sets of environmental variables, which principally included pH or aluminium and calcium concentrations, discriminated effectively between the stream groups defined by TWINSPAN. These variables were incorporated into models which predicted faunal TWINSPAN groups from physicochemical data alone.4 TWINSPAN classification and the MDA models were tested by application to new sites either reserved from the initial data set (RESERVED) or sampled during fieldwork in spring 1989 (FIELD).5 For the RESERVED data there was 75–80% agreement between the two systems when two TWINSPAN groups were defined and 53–55% with four groups. Agreement was lower for the FIELD data, probably because chemical description was based on only one spot-sample.6 Distributions of pH and aluminium concentration for the groups of test sites classified by macroinvertebrate indicator key corresponded reasonably well to distributions of these determinands at sites in the four original TWINSPAN groups. Correspondence was better for the RESERVED than for the FIELD data set.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1990.tb00725.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR MINEWATER TREATMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS AND ECOLOGICAL RECOVERY (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 18 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The ecology of the River Pelenna (in South Wales) was impoverished by polluted discharges from abandoned coal mines. A series of passive constructed wetlands was created in order to treat these discharges and to improve the ecology of the river. A three-year Environment Agency R&D project investigated the performance, environmental benefits and sustainability of the constructed wetlands. It showed that the treatment systems were removing most of the iron contamination. In the reaches downstream from the minewaters, the dissolved-iron concentration quickly dropped below the target level. Invertebrate abundance, trout and riverine bird populations increased in following years. However, occasional overflows from the systems have significantly affected the ecology of one stretch of river. The research work has provided an insight into the potential for ecological recovery associated with future minewater treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2004.tb00514.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liming acid streams: Aluminium toxicity to fish in mixing zones (1991)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 55 (1991), S. 345-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Liming to neutralize acidic surface waters involves a possible risk of toxicity to fish due to precipitation or changes in speciation of Al. We report the response of captive brown trout to the experimental liming of an acid stream rich in Al. Within 15 m of lime dosing 0.22 µm filterable Al fell from 580 to 230 µg L−1, and to 120 jig L−1, within 30 m, though total Al was unchanged. After 24 hr, fish mortality was 100% at untreated acidic sites, 80% up to 30 m downstream of liming, declining to zero within 100 m. Mortality was 70% at 15 m below the confluence of an acidic tributary with the limed stream, despite little change in pH or total Al concentration. Mortalities were significantly correlated with concentrations of Al and Fe in gill tissues, and with 0.22 µm filterable Al and Fe in the water, but not with particulate Al or Fe. AI(OH)4 −, precipitating A1 or polymeric hydrolysis products are all possible causes of the observed toxicity. Iron may have also have contributed, but the stream concentrations of this metal were relatively low. The practical conclusion is that changes in Al chemistry, where waters of differing acidity mix, may be important in some circumstances where river systems are limed selectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211199
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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