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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions at the PA-6/PA-66 interface (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 797-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Refrigerant tubing used in some mobile air conditioning systems has a nylon core, often consisting of nylon 6, nylon 66, or a copolymer thereof. A blend of the homopolymers would be more economical than the copolymer. This article deals with the structural stability of such blends during processing. The crystallization and melting behavior of laminates and solution cast blends of nylon 6 and 66 were examined. Although they do not cocrystallize readily, their at least partial miscibility in the melt and possible coincorporation as crystal defects cause reductions of the melting points and heats of crystallization and fusion of both polymers. The crystallization temperature of the nylon 6, however, increases with increasing nylon 66 content, up to ca. 60% nylon 66, a feature attributed to nucleation of the 6 by the 66. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460507
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of solid surfaces on the structure and orientation of poly-4-oxybenzoate (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 1631-1637 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymerization-crystallization of poly-4-oxybenzoate (P-4-OB) by various techniques on different solid substrates results in different crystal structures and orientation types. Confined thin film melt or solution polymerization of P-4-OB between glass slides or mica sheets resulted in various lamellar single crystal formations of phase I or II with crystal orientations of the hk0 or Ok1 type on the substrate surface. In some cases, different structures were formed in the polymerization-crystallization on the free surface of the solid substrate. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective etching of polyolefines. I. Isotactic polypropyleneCorrected proofs lost in transit. (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 1949-1961 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of isothermal etching of isotactic polypropylene samples having different thermal treatment was studied using a mixture of concentrated sulfuric or 85% o-phosphoric acid with various amount of potassium permanganate. The course of etching was confronted with morphological features of the etched surface. It was shown that on a macroscopical scale the etching proceeds in an indiscriminate way, whereas on a scale of the basic structural elements - lamellae - it proceeds through stages of selective etching. Selective etching of isotactic polypropylene using mentioned etchants was successfully applied for morphology investigation of various kinds of surfaces.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300513
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions in the system isotactic polypropylene-calcite (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 2727-2737 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Interaction in the system isotactic polypropylene-calcite was investigated using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Calcite acts as a weak nucleation agent for polypropylene crystallization and its activity could be increased or decreased by a suitable surface treatment. Investigation of the morphology on the polypropylene-calcite interface using calcite single crystals disclosed the tendency of polypropylene for epitaxial crystallization along preferred substrate crystallographic directions. This tendency was analogous to polymer crystallization on other ionic crystals.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070421011
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melting and recrystallization of PA-6/PA-66 blends (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 1175-1188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The morphology of a number of polyamides (PA) - namely, PA-66, PA-6/PA-66 blends, and PA-6/PA-66 copolymers - prepared from HCOOH solution and from the melt has been examined as well as the effect of annealing. In the blends, the PA-6 crystallizes within the PA-66 spherulites. When prepared from HCOOH solution at 25°C, the PA-66-containing samples show a large exothermic peak before the sample melting peak is observed by DSC. This exothermic peak, which cannot be fully explained by previously known observations, PA recrystallization, and/or the morphology changes we describe here, is not seen for PA-6 or for PA-66 prepared from HCOOH solution at 100°C. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070490706
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Character of crystallization nuclei in isotactic polypropyleneCorrected proofs received March 8, 1982 (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1479-1486 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Examination of the isothermal crystallization and the effect of melting conditions on samples of isotactic polypropylene and its composite with talc, combined with electron-microscopic observation, has shown two types of heterogeneous nuclei effective in the crystallization process: (1) metastable nuclei, representing the unmelted crystalline phase of polypropylene, stabilized by solid heterogeneities, and operating after melting at relative low melting temperature and/or short melting time; and (2) stable crystallization nuclei, associated with solid heterogeneities, being probably catalyst residues. On the surface of these nuclei isotactic polypropylene tends to crystallize in an ordered fashion.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270507
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization of poly-p-oxybenzoate on mica (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 1935-1940 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly-4-oxybenzoate ; confined thin film polymerization/crystallization ; epitaxial crystallization on mica ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thin film polymerization/crystallization of poly-4-oxybenzoate (P-4-OB) from melt or dilute solutions yields on mica cleavage surface an epitaxial overgrowth with crystal blocks oriented in 1 to 3 substrate directions rotated by 60°. The b and c crystal axes of P-4-OB lie in the mica cleavage plane, with the a axis being perpendicular to it. At higher polymerization temperatures a different type of P-4-OB orientation on mica was also observed: two P-4-temperatures a different type of P-4-OB orientation on mica was also observed: two P-4-OB phase I crystals, again with b- and c-axes lying parallel to mica cleavage plane, were oriented perpendicular to each other. There is a pronounced tendency of the relatively thick P-4-OB overgrowth to form complex crystal structures involving both phase I and II with different types of orientation on mica substrate. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology, crystal structure, and orientation of poly-p-oxybenzoate on mica (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 1807-1820 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(p-oxybenzoate) ; confined thin film melt polymerization ; epitaxy ; mica substrate ; morphology ; crystal structure ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polymerization of p-acetoxybenzoic acid between mica sheets, from both the melt and dilute solution, in a wide range of polymerization temperatures (180-400°C) yields an epitaxial-like overgrowth of PpOBA on the mica cleavage surface. The PpOBA overgrowth forms long rows by lateral aggregation of ribbon crystals situated in three substrate directions rotated by 60°. The c-axes of the PpOBA phase I and II lattices are parallel to the 001 plane of the mica, coinciding with the a-axes of the mica hexagonal structure. The aI- and bII-axes lie predominantly on the mica surface. The surface-orienting effect is tentatively attributed to surface steps and or/polar effects; lattice matching does not occur. The recrystallization of bulk polymer samples previously prepared also leads to ordering between mica like that in melt or solution polymerization. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 1807-1820, 1997
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thin film melt polymerized single crystals of poly(p-oxybenzoate) (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 195 (1994), S. 81-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The morphology of poly(p-oxybenzoate) polymerized from p-acetoxybenzoic acid (pABA) in constrained thin films at temperatures between 130°C and 315°C for various times is described. Polymerization below the melting point of the monomer, 196°C, occurs by a sublimationrecrystallization-melting process, with polymerization occuring in the melt. Lamellar crystals, often bilayered, are found that are ca. 100 Å thick as well as single disclination domains. Electron diffraction patterns indicate the presence of either phase I or II in a given crystal, with the unit cell for phase II being proposed; the molecular axes are normal to the lamellae. Polymerization above 200°C results in holes in the lamellae; it is suggested that polymerization also is in the form of lamellae followed by the hole formation as further reaction occurs in the crystalline state, initial “crystal” growth at all temperatures is in the liquid crystalline state.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1994.021950107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial adhesion in short-fibre composites (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 191 (1991), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine einfache Methode für die Bestimmung der Grenzflächenhaftung in kurzfaserverstärkten Polymeren, beruhend auf der Längenverteilung von aus der Bruchfläche herausgezogenen Faserteilen, wurde entwickelt. Die Messungen mit Faserverbundwerkstoffen von isotaktischem Polypropylen mit 32 Gew.-% Kurzglasfasern bestätigen die Brauchbarkeit dieser Methode für eine empfindliche Beurteilung von Unterschieden in der Grenzflächenhaftung. Die Einflüsse von Temperatur, Polymer- und Glasfasermodifizierung sowie Faserorientierung auf die Grenzflächenhaftung wurden untersucht.
    Notes: For the evaluation of the interfacial adhesion in short-fibre composites, a simple method based on fibre pull-out length distribution was proposed. The experiments with three composites of isotactic polypropylene with 32 wt.-% of short-glass fibres confirm the potentials of the method for a sensitive determination of differences in the interfacial adhesion. The effects of temperature, crystallinity and fibre orientation angle on the interfacial adhesion were investigated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1991.051910103
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