Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anal and urinary incontinence in women with obstetric anal sphincter rupture (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 103 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To assess the long term impact of obstetric anal sphincter rupture on the frequency of anal and urinary incontinence and to identify factors to predict women at risk.Design An observational study.Settings Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and of Surgery D, Glostrup County University Hospital, Denmark.Participants Ninety-four consecutive women who had sustained an obstetric anal sphincter rupture.Interventions Assessment of history, anal manometry, anal sphincter electromyography and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency at three months postpartum. A questionnaire regarding anal and urinary incontinence was sent two to four years postpartum.Main outcome measures The frequency of anal and urinary incontinence and risk factors for the development of incontinence.Results Thirty of 72 women (42%) who responded had anal incontinence two to four years postpartum; 23 (32%) had urinary incontinence and 13 (18%) had both urinary and anal incontinence. Overall, 40 of 72 women (56%) had incontinence symptoms. The occurrence of anal incontinence was associated with pudendal nerve terminal motor latencies of more than 2.0 ms, and the occurrence of urinary incontinence was associated with the degree of rupture, the use of vacuum extraction and previous presence of urinary incontinence. Seventeen women had subsequently undergone a vaginal delivery in relation to which four (24%) had aggravation of anal incontinence, and three (18%) had aggravation of urinary incontinence. Of the women with incontinence, 38% wanted treatment but only a few had sought medical advice.Conclusions Obstetric anal sphincter rupture is associated with a risk of approximately 50% for developing either anal or urinary incontinence or both. The prediction of women at risk is difficult. Information and routine follow up of all women with obstetric anal sphincter rupture is mandatory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09557.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the effect of mid-air collisions on aeolian saltation (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The effect of mid-air collisions on aeolian saltation is investigated using concentration profiles and grain velocities predicted by a numerical saltation model. The probability of a mid-air collision is found to be greater at high wind speeds. It is also found that mid-air collisions tend to reduce the number of grain/bed impacts and thus reduce the number of ejecta near the bed; this, in turn, reduces the intensity of mid-air collisions. It is suggested that this feed-back mechanism significantly influences transport rates at high wind speeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1996.tb01460.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of some aeolian saltation transport parameters: a re-analysis of Williams' data (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 33 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A new method for analysing observed aeolian sand transport rate profiles of the kind obtained by Williams is presented. The method involves a mathematical model of aeolian saltation. Detailed information about the saltation process can be calculated from the transport rate profile by means of this model. The method is used to perform a re-analysis of Williams' trap data. Among the main findings of this analysis is that the grain borne shear stress appears to be a smaller fraction of the total shear stress than assumed by Bagnold & Owen in their theories of aeolian saltation. Other findings are that the probability distribution of the jump height of the grains does not depend much on the wind speed once the saltation is established, and that the vertical component of the mean launch velocity decreases with the grain size. It is approximately inversely proportional to the grain diameter. Our estimates of the landing angles indicate that estimates of the impact angles obtained from photographically recorded trajectories are too small due to biased sampling. The influence of grain shape on the transport characteristics is mainly due to changes in the grains' ability to jump when hitting the bed. It is found that angular grains have a lower mean jump height than spherical grains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1986.tb00760.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decreasing transcription elongation rate in Escherichia Coli exposed to amino acid starvation (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 6 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The time required for transcription of the lacZ gene in Escherichia coli was determined during exponential growth and under conditions, when the bacterium was exposed to partial isoleucine starvation. To do this, RNA was extracted from the cells at 10 s intervals following induction and quantified by Northern hybridization with probes complementary to either the beginning or the end of the lacZ mRNA. The time lag between inducer addition and the appearance of a hybridization signal at the ‘late’ probe represents the transit time for RNA polymerase on the lacZ gene, and this parameter and the known length of the transcribed sequence were used to calculate the lacZ mRNA chain growth-rate. The transcription elongation rate was c. 43 nucleotides s-1 during exponential growth and decreased abruptly to c. 20 nucleotides s-1 in a relA+ strain after the onset of isoleucine starvation, when massive concentrations of guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) accumulated in the cells. The starvation condition did not affect initiation of transcription at the lec-promoter, but a substantial fraction of the initiated lacZ mRNA chains was never completed. For the rel+ strain the polarity was moderate, since c. 25% of the initiated lacZ mRNA’ chains were continued into full-length mRNAs, but for the relA strain the polarity was so strong that no completed lacZ mRNA could be detected. The protein chain elongation rates decreased from 13 amino acids (aa) s-1 in the unperturbed growth phase to approximately 6 aa s-1, when the cells starved for isoleucine. In combination, these results suggest that ppGpp plays a major role in maintaining the coupling between transcription and translation during the downshift by inhibiting mRNA chain elongation. The implications of this result for the control of stable RNA synthesis during the stringent response are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01393.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscous fluid retention: A new method for evaluating anorectal function (1992)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 35 (1992), S. 357-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Rectal compliance ; Rectal pathophysiology ; Viscous fluid retention
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ability to retain viscous fluid in the standing position was tested in 22 patients with fecal incontinence, 11 patients with constipation, and 26 control subjects. Viscous fluid was introduced into the rectum in increments of 50 ml. The examination was stopped when the patient complained of discomfort or the viscous fluid leaked. Eighteen of 22 patients with fecal incontinence leaked fluid, while none of the control subjects and only four of the constipated patients did so. Patients with fecal incontinence retained significantly less viscous fluid than did control subjects, whereas no difference was found between patients with constipation and control subjects. Rectal sensation from distention with air was tested in the patients as well as in the control group. The following volumes and pressures at each sensation were measured: 1) earliest defecation urge (EDU), 2) constant defecation urge (CDU), and 3) maximum tolerable volume (MTV). Patients with fecal incontinence had lower volumes than control subjects at all sensations, while patients with constipation had higher volumes at earliest defecation urge and at constant defecation urge. Rectal compliance was higher in patients with fecal incontinence than in control subjects, whereas patients with constipation did not differ from control subjects. Regression analysis showed a linear relationship between viscous fluid retention and the maximum tolerable volume and also between viscous fluid retention and rectal compliance. No difference in the ability to retain viscous fluid between male and female control subjects was found; regression analysis of viscous fluid retention in relation to age revealed decreasing volumes with increasing age. Day-to-day variation of the ability to retain viscous fluid was tested in eight persons, and reproducibility was found to be good.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02048114
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic anal manometry in the assessment of patients with obstructed defecation (1993)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 36 (1993), S. 901-907 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Dynamic anal manometry ; Obstructed defecation ; Constipation ; Anal physiology ; Rectal compliance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Patients with obstructed defecation show no consistent abnormalities when assessed by standard anorectal physiologic methods. With a recently developed technique for dynamic anal manometry, we studied 13 female patients with obstructed defecation and 20 healthy volunteers. Seven parameters of anal function were measured. There were no differences between the median values for the two groups. Seven patients (54 percent; 95 percent confidence limits, 25–81 percent) had anal compliance below the normal range, either during opening or closing of the sphincter at rest (five patients), during squeeze (one patient), or both (one patient). Opening and closing pressures of the sphincer at rest, maximal closing pressure during squeeze, and anal hysteresis were normal. Standard anal manometry did not show any differences between patients and controls. Rectal compliance was lower in patients with obstructed defecation, median difference 5 ml/cm H 2 O (95 percent confidence limits, 1–9 ml/cm H 2 O). In conclusion, the more detailed method of dynamic anal manometry shows that some patients with obstructed defecation have a less compliant anal sphincter and a less compliant rectum, but in many patients no abnormal findings can be made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02050623
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rectal compliance in the assessment of patients with fecal incontinence (1990)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 33 (1990), S. 650-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Fecal incontinence ; Rectal compliance ; Anal manometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rectal compliance (dV/dP) was studied in 31 patients with fecal incontinence, 8 patients with constipation, and 16 control subjects. Patients with fecal incontinence experienced a constant defecation urge at a lower rectal volume and also had a lower maximal tolerable volume and a lower rectal compliance than control subjects (median 126 vs. 155 ml, 170 vs. 220 ml, and 9 vs. 15 ml/mm Hg, respectively;tP 〈0.05). Constipated patients had a higher constant defecation urge volume and maximal tolerable volume than controls (median, 266 ml and 300 ml;P 〈0.05). There was no differences in the parameters between patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence and patients with incontinence of traumatic origin, indicating that a poorly compliant rectum in patients with fecal incontinence may be secondary to anal incontinence due to the lack of normal reservoir function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02150739
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electromyography of the internal anal sphincter performed under endosonographic guidance description of a new method (1994)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 37 (1994), S. 138-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Electromyography ; Endosonography ; Internal anal sphincter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to investigate internal anal sphincter electromyographic signals. METHODS: Electromyography of the internal anal sphincter was performed with platinum wire electrodes in six healthy volunteers (three males and three females), inserted under endosonographic guidance. Platinum wire electrodes were also inserted into the external anal sphincter. Activity of both the internal and external anal sphincter in a 40-second period was measured. RESULTS: Internal anal sphincter median activity was 22.1 (range, 5.5–67.6) μ V. Slow-wave activity was 47 cycles/minute (range, 34–55 cycles/minute). After inflation of a rectal balloon with air until a constant relaxation of the anal canal was obtained, a decrease in internal anal sphincter activity to 15.9 (1.2–31.3) μV as well as a decrease in slow-wave activity to 34 cycles/minute (range, 27–40 cycles/minute) was found. The original internal anal sphincter EMG was resumed after deflation of the rectal balloon. External anal sphincter median activity was 31 (range, 0.77–18.6)μV. During inflation of the rectal balloon, a reflex increase in external sphincter EMG activity was found. With the rectal balloon fully inflated a part of this increase was still present, 11.0 (1.9–24.6)μV. In some of the subjects, this increased activity was superimposed on the internal anal sphincter recordings as well. During a voluntary squeeze it was not possible to identify internal anal sphincter activity due to activity of the external anal sphincter totally overriding the internal anal sphincter signal. CONCLUSION: Precise EMG recordings from the internal anal sphincter is possible with endosonographic guidance of the electrodes, except during voluntary squeezing of the external anal sphincter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02047535
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscous fluid expulsion in the evaluation of the constipated patient (1997)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 40 (1997), S. 580-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Rectal outlet obstruction ; Defecography ; Obstipation ; Anal physiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate a viscous fluid expulsion test as a method for quantifying rectal outlet obstruction. METHODS: We examined the ability of 30 severely constipated patients and 40 healthy control subjects to expel a viscous fluid simulating feces. RESULTS: Constipated patients with defecographic rectal retention expelled a significant lower viscous fluid volume compared with controls (P 〈0.0001). Considering the viscous fluid expulsion test to be positive if the patient expelled less than 160 ml of fluid (lower 95 percent confidence value in healthy controls) and using the presence of defecographic rectal outlet obstruction as a reference, the predictive value of a negative viscous fluid expulsion test was 100 percent, the predictive value of a positive test was 67 percent, and sensitivity and specificity was 100 percent and 82 percent, respectively. The viscous fluid test identified symptomatic outlet obstruction in almost twice as many patients as did defecography. Some patients, however, are—despite their obstructive symptoms—able to evacuate their rectum when examined in the laboratory. CONCLUSION: The viscous fluid expulsion test is a simple, reproducible, nonionizing, and low-cost method of quantifying rectal outlet obstruction. A positive test result should lead to a defecography, whereas a negative test result renders defecography dispensable and spares the patient from pelvic radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055383
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anorectal dysfunction in patients with urologic disturbance due to multiple sclerosis (1991)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 34 (1991), S. 136-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Constipation ; Fecal incontinence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Anorectal function was evaluated in 11 patients with voiding dysfunction due to multiple sclerosis. In six patients with constipation, three also had symptoms of obstructed defecation and one patient was incontinent due to stercoral diarrhea. One patient was only fecal incontinent and one patient had obstructed defecation as the only symptom. Three patients had no anorectal symptoms. Anal manometry in the women compared with a control group revealed significant lower anal resting and squeeze pressures, although no significant difference of rectal sensation to distention with air was found. Pudendal nerve terminal latencies were obtained in seven patients and were all normal. In four patients latency could not be demonstrated due to poor contraction of the sphincter on stimulation of the pudendal nerve. Two of these patients were incontinent and two had both constipation and obstructed defecation. It is concluded that patients with voiding symptoms due to multiple sclerosis often reveal anorectal symptoms or motility disorders. Although anal sphincter function is reduced, fecal incontinence is not prevalent in this group. The reason for this lies probably in the fact that many of the patients are constipated, thus securing fecal continence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02049987
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...