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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal Profile and Cell Subtype Distribution of Activated Caspase-3 Following Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 75 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: This study investigated the temporal expression and cell subtype distribution of activated caspase-3 following cortical impact-induced traumatic brain injury in rats. The animals were killed and examined for protein expression of the proteolytically active subunit of caspase-3, p18, at intervals from 6 h to 14 days after injury. In addition, we also investigated the effect of caspase-3 activation on proteolysis of the cytoskeletal protein α-spectrin. Increased protein levels of p18 and the caspase-3-specific 120-kDa breakdown product to α-spectrin were seen in the cortex ipsilateral to the injury site from 6 to 72 h after the trauma. Immunohistological examinations revealed increased expression of p18 in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes from 6 to 72 h following impact injury. In contrast, no evidence of caspase-3 activation was seen in microglia at all time points investigated. Quantitative analysis of caspase-3-positive cells revealed that the number of caspase-3-positive neurons exceeded the number of caspase-3-positive glia cells from 6 to 72 h after injury. Moreover, concurrent assessment of nuclear histopathology using hematoxylin identified p18-immunopositive cells exhibiting apoptotic-like morphological profiles in the cortex ipsilateral to the injury site. In contrast, no evidence of increased p18 expression or α-spectrin proteolysis was seen in the ipsilateral hippocampus, contralateral cortex, or hippocampus up to 14 days after the impact. Our results are the first to demonstrate the concurrent expression of activated caspase-3 in different CNS cells after traumatic brain injury in the rat. Our findings also suggest a contributory role of activated caspase-3 in neuronal and glial apoptotic degeneration after experimental TBI in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0751264.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased Expression of Apolipoprotein D Following Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 73 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract : Increasing evidence suggests that apolipoprotein D (apoD) could play a major role in mediating neuronal degeneration and regeneration in the CNS and the PNS. To investigate further the temporal pattern of apoD expression after experimental traumatic brain injury in the rat, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral cortical impact injury. The animals were killed and examined for apoD mRNA and protein expression and for immunohistological analysis at intervals from 15 min to 14 days after injury. Increased apoD mRNA and protein levels were seen in the cortex and hippocampus ipsilateral to the injury site from 48 h to 14 days after the trauma. Immunohistological investigation demonstrated a differential pattern of apoD expression in the cortex and hippocampus, respectively : Increased apoD immunoreactivity in glial cells was detected from 2 to 3 days after the injury in cortex and hippocampus. In contrast, increased expression of apoD was seen in cortical and hippocampal neurons at later time points following impact injury. Concurrent histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin demonstrated dark, shrunken neurons in the cortex ipsilateral to the injury site. In contrast, no evidence of cell death was observed in the hippocampus ipsilateral to the injury site up to 14 days after the trauma. No evidence of increased apoD mRNA or protein expression or neuronal pathology by hematoxylin and eosin staining was detected in the contralateral cortex and hippocampus. Our results reveal induction of apoD expression in the cortex and hippocampus following traumatic brain injury in the rat. Our data also suggest that increased apoD expression may play an important role in cortical neuronal degeneration after brain injury in vivo. However, increased expression of apoD in the hippocampus may not necessarily be indicative of neuronal death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0731615.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual Neurological Manifestations of Second-Stage Lyme Borreliosis (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 539 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb31919.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetresonanz-Angiographie bei entzündlichen Hirnerkrankungen (2000)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 1077-1089 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Magnetresonanz-Angiographie ; Zentralnervensystem ; Enzephalitis ; Vaskulitis ; Keywords Magnetic resonance angiography ; Central nervous system ; Encephalitis ; Vasculitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In this review, we discuss the diagnostic potential of time of flight (TOF) MRA and contrast enhanced (CE) MRA in inflammatory disorders of the meninges and the brain. Cerebrovascular complications are frequently observed during infectious meningoencepalitis. 3D TOF-MRA and CE-MRA are complementary for the detection of basal intracranial artery stenosis and septic cerebral vein and sinus thrombosis due to secondary vasculitis. MRA reveals stenosis and occlusion as indirect signs of vasculitis, whereas MRI shows the inflammation of the brain and meninges and occasionally the vessel wall, together with the ischemic or hemorrhagic complication. In case of septic emboli MRA can detect peripheral occlusions and “mycotic” aneurysms. For the diagnosis of noninfectious vasculitides of the intracranial vessels, high resolution 3D TOF-MRA is superior to CE-MRA for the detection of multiloculated segmental stenoses. However, there are presently no prospective studies on the sensitivity and specificity of MRA for these indications. Therefore, only positive MRA results can directly influence clinical management. In case of normal MRA, confirmation by catheder angiography may still be required.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Diese Übersicht behandelt die Möglichkeiten der Time of flight MRA (TOF-MRA) und der kontrastmittelunterstützten MRA (KM-MRA) bei zerebral entzündlichen Erkrankungen. Vaskuläre Komplikationen bei entzündlichen Erkrankungen des Gehirns und der Meningen sind häufig. Bei der infektiösen Meningitis kann die MRA eine sekundäre Vaskulitis des Circulus arteriosus Willisii und seiner Äste, aber auch eine septische Hirnvenen- und Sinusthrombose nachweisen. Die TOF-MRA und KM-MRA liefern dabei komplementäre Informationen. In der gleichen Untersuchung kann eine entzündliche Infiltration der Meningen bildgebend diagnostiziert werden. Bei der hämatogen Herdenzephalitis im Rahmen einer Sepsis oder Endokarditis ist die MRA zur Diagnose embolischer Gefäßverschlüsse noch vor der Entstehung eines zerebralen Abszesses und zum Nachweis sog. mykotischer Aneurysmen zielführend. Bei der Vaskulitis im Rahmen nichtinfektiöser (systemischer) entzündlicher Erkrankungen genügt die TOF-MRA zum Nachweis segmentaler Stenosen. Lediglich bei subtilen peripheren Gefäßveränderungen kann die Ortsauflösung zu gering sein. In diesem Fall ist eine weiterführende intraarterielle digitale Subtraktionsangiographie notwendig. Da die Sensitivität und Spezifität der MRA für diese Indikationen noch nicht ausreichend belegt sind, kann nur der positive MRA-Befund die intraarterielle digitale Subtraktionsangiographie ersetzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050880
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meningopolyneuritis bannwarth with focal nodular myositis (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 1204-1208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Meningopolyneuritis Bannwarth with focal nodular myositis ; Lyme borreliosis, electromyographic and bioptic findings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A patient with serologically confirmed infection byBorrelia burgdorferi presenting with painful paresis and atrophy of the proximal muscles of both upper extremities and bilateral facial paresis is described. Electromyography showed a neurogenic and myopathic pattern, and creatine kinase was raised. Muscle biopsy revealed the typical signs of focal myositis. Treatment with i.v. penicillin led to dramatic clinical and serological improvement. Muscle biopsy was repeated 2 months later; neurogenic changes were still present, but no inflammatory signs could be seen anymore. Thus, the presented case may be the first reported of meningopolyneuritis accompanied by focal nodular myositis, in the second stage of Lyme borreliosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728463
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracranial germ cell tumor mimicking anorexia nervosa (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 69 (1991), S. 440-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Anorexia nervosa ; Teratoma ; Intracranial germ cell tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A previously healthy seventeen-year-old boy developed loss of weight, poor appetite, and aversion to food. Physical examination being normal, anorexia nervosa was suspected. Thirteen months later a CT scan revealed a mass in the third ventricle histologically proven to be a malignant teratoma. To our knowledge anorexia nervosa is only extremely rarely the presenting feature of intracranial germ cell tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01666831
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New perspectives in acute spinal epidural abscess (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 80 (1986), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The histories of two patients with spinal epidural abscess are reported. Attention is drawn to the route of infection by means of direct inoculation of pathogens in the wake of paravertebral infiltration of local anaesthetics for relieving lower backpain, furthermore we emphasize the rare occurrence of a relapsing acute spinal epidural abscess. Additionally the diagnostic superiority of nuclear magnetic resonance tomography is described in a patient known to be allergic to commonly used contrast material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01812283
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyneuropathies in critically ill patients: A prospective evaluation (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 849-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Sepsis ; Systemic inflammatory response syndrome ; Multiple organ failure ; Electromyography ; Nerve conduction velocity ; Polyneuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To determine the incidence, severity and course of polyneuropathies in patients with sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome combined with multiple organ failure. Design Prospective study. Setting Division of Intensive Care Medicine of the Department of Anesthesiology and Intessive Care and Intensive Care Unit of the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Innsbruck, Austria. Patients Twenty-two patients between 23 and 77 years old with sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome combined with multiple organ failure fulfilling strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Interventions Clinical neurologic examination and electromyography/nerve conduction velocity measurements during the stay on the Intensive Care Unit and 2–3 months later. Measurements and results In 9 of the 22 patients signs of polyneuropathy were found at the initial clinical investigation and in 7 patients at the follow-up investigation. Electrophysiologic investigation revealed signs of polyneuropathy in 18 patients initially and in 11 patients 2–3 months later. Conclusion In our patient population the frequency of the development of polyneuropathy was high (81.8%). Electrophysiologic investigation is superior to clinical neurologic examination in the detection of polyneuropathies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02044106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute polyneuropathy in critically ill patients (1990)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 16 (1990), S. 473-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01711234
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subarachnoid hemorrhage as presenting feature of isolated neurosarcoidosis (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 54-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Subarachnoid hemorrhage ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Angiotensin-converting enzyme ; Neurosarcoidosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 35-year-old man presented with the clinical picture of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. Four weeks after the first symptoms he noticed blurred vision, and ophthalmological examination detected bitemporal hemianopia. At this time cerebral computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed enlargement of the optic chiasm, and visual evoked potentials revealed delayed latencies. In the cerebrospinal fluid cells and protein content were elevated, and angiotensin-converting enzyme was detectable. Under steroid treatment the patient recovered completely and computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, visual evoked potentials, and cerebrospinal fluid findings became normal. Although a great variety of neurological symptoms may occur in neurosarcoidosis, to our knowledge spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage as the presenting feature has never been reported before.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210965
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