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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium cultured on a defined medium (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 256 (1975), S. 406-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] This medium (CS7) contained (in mM) KH2PO4 (2.2), CaCl2.2H2O (0.7), KC1 (0.9), MgSO4.7H2O (0.14), glutamine (2), myo-inositol (5.6), Na-succinate (25), L-arabinose (25) and (in uM) MnS04.4H20 (58), H3BO3 (82), ZnSO4.7H2O (3.5), KI (6), CuS04.5H2O (0.8), Na2MoO4.2H2O (0.4), CoCl2.6H2O (0.4), ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/256406a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium associated with tobacco and cowpea cell cultures (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 253 (1975), S. 351-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We report nitrogenase-mediated acetylene (C2H2) reduction, and 15N incorporation, in associations of a strain of cowpea rhizobia (32H1) with cell cultures of a natural host, V. unguiculata, but more notably with a non-legume, Nicotiana tabacum. Furthermore, this strain of rhizobia reduced C2H2 when ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/253351a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The induction of nitrogenase activity in Rhizobium by non-legume plant cells (1976)
    Springer
    Planta 128 (1976), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Nitrogen fixation was induced in a strain of “cowpea” rhizobia, 32Hl, when it was grown in association with cell cultures of the non-legume, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Rhizobia grown alone on the various media examined did not show nitrogenase activity, indicating the involvement of particular plant metabolites in nitrogenase induction. Nitrogenase activity, as measured by C2H2 reduction, was maximized at an O2 concentration of 20% and at an assay temperature of 30°C, the conditions under which the plant cell-rhizobia associations developed. Glutamine, as a nitrogen source, could be replaced by other organic nitrogen sources, but NH4 + and NO3 - repressed nitrogenase activity. Nitrogenase activity induced in rhizobia when cultured adjacent to, but not in contact with, the plant cells could be stimulated by providing succinate in the medium. At least 12 other strains of rhizobia also reduced C2H2 in association with tobacco cells; the highest levels of activity were found among cowpea strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393234
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability among plants and their progeny regenerated from protoplasts of Su/su heterozygotes of Nicotiana tabacum (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 67-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cell culture ; Mesophyll protoplasts ; Somaclonal variation ; Mutagenesis ; Aurea mutant ; Tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mesophyll protoplasts of Nicotiana tabacum, heterozygous for the sulfur locus (Su/su), were isolated and more than 2,200 calli were cultured. More than 8,000 regenerated shoots were analyzed for leaf colour. Cell culture regimes included media for normal and stressed growth conditions with both short and long culture periods. An additional treatment included N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. An analysis of the regenerated shoots showed that an extended culture period led to an enhanced frequency of variant colony types, i.e. colonies producing both parental (Su/su) and non-parental (Su/Su or su/su) plants. NNG at 10 mg/l also enhanced the frequency of variant colony types. In some treatments there was also an increase in non-morphogenic colonies but this was independent of genetic changes at the sulfur locus. The frequency of dark green spots and twin spots, presumed to result from somatic crossing-over, was higher in the leaf cells of regenerated plants after both prolonged cell culture and chemical mutagenesis. Genetic analysis of the progeny of selfed regenerants revealed additional tissue culture induced variability with respect to segregation ratios of the different sulfur phenotypes. About two thirds of the lines tested segregated in accordance with a 1∶2∶1 Mendelian ratio. The remainder deviated from the expected segregation pattern and some lines also showed heterogeneity between progeny families derived from different seed capsules of the same plant. These results demonstrate that genetic changes affecting a specific locus and segregation patterns in progeny of regenerated plants are induced during cell culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281851
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heritable somaclonal variation in wheat (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 443-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Somaclonal variation ; Wheat tissue culture ; Gliadin ; Wheat breeding ; Mutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Efficient tissue culture and regeneration methods were established using immature wheat embryos as expiants. Genotype differences in culturability were evident, and from the ten accessions most amenable to culture, a total of 2,846 plants were regenerated. Extensive somaclonal variation for morphological and biochemical traits was observed among 142 regenerants of a Mexican breeding line, ‘Yaqui 50E’, and their progeny. Variant characters included height, awns, tiller number, grain colour, heading date, waxiness, glume colour, gliadin proteins and α-amylase regulation. The variant characters were heritable through two seed generations and included traits under both simple and quantitative genetic control. Segregation data suggested that mutations both from dominance to recessiveness, and from recessiveness to dominance, had occurred. Most mutations in the primary regenerants were in the heterozygous state but some were true-breeding and presumed to be homozygous. Chromosome loss or addition did not account for the variation and none of the variant phenotypes was observed in over 400 plants from the parental seed source. The distinctive parental gliadin pattern was maintained in the somaclones thus excluding seed contamination or cross-pollination as a source of the variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263410
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somaclonal variation in wheat: genetic and cytogenetic characterisation of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 mutants (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 644-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Somaclonal variation ; Alcohol dehydrogenase ; Cytogenetics ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The progeny of 551 regenerants of the hexaploid wheat cultivar ‘Millewa’ were analysed for somaclonal mutants at the threeAdh-1 loci in hexaploid wheat. Seventeen regenerants gave rise to progeny having altered ADH1 zymograms. Progeny with altered zymograms in 13 of these regenerants were aneuploid. The remaining 4 regenerants gave rise to euploid progeny with altered ADH1 zymograms. The genetics of three of these somaclonal mutants is described in detail. These regenerants were interpreted to possess a 4Aα isochromosome, a 3BS/4Aα translocation and a 7BS/4Aα translocation, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289003
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A somaclonal variant of wheat with additional β-amylase isozymes (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: β-amylase ; Isozymes ; Triticum aestivum ; Somaclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The progeny of 149 plants regenerated from tissue culture of immature wheat (Triticum aestivum) embryos were screened for variation in their grain β-amylase isozyme pattern. One regenerant was found which was heterozygous for a variant pattern characterized by the presence of at least five new isozyme bands, as well as an increased intensity in existing bands in two more positions. The F2 of a homozygous variant crossed back to the parent segregated in an approximate 3∶1 ratio but resolution of the gels was not sufficient to distinguish whether this represents a dominant or co-dominant single mutant gene. No chromosome abnormalities were evident in mitosis or meiosis of the homozygous variant or in the F1 of the variant crossed back to the parent. No recombination has been seen between the variant bands and production of multiple bands from a single locus is consistent with the nature of the known β-amylase loci. However, the variant bands were not evident in a survey of 111 diverse genotypes, nor were they present in developing grain of the parent cultivar. Therefore, this variant could represent a rare mutation leading to expression of a currently unexpressed locus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262516
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide polymorphism in chloroplast dna of Nicotiana debneyi (1979)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 55 (1979), S. 133-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Nucleotide polymorphism ; Chloroplast DNA ; Nicotiana debneyi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary EcoR1 restriction endonuclease analysis of chloroplast DNA isolated from several distinct populations of Nicotiana debneyi has revealed a naturally occurring polymorphism. The chloroplast DNA of seven of the nine populations analysed possessed an additional EcoRl site. The origin of the additional restriction endonuclease fragments was confirmed by hybridisation of [32 P]-cRNA to fractionated EcoRl restricted chloroplast-DNA fragments adsorbed to nitrocellulose filters. Reciprocal f1 hybrids between plants carrying the variant chloroplast-DNA's confirmed maternal inheritance of chloroplast-DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295439
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somaclonal variation — a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 197-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Plant cell culture ; Somaclones ; Interspecific hybrids ; Gene amplification ; Virus elimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary It is concluded from a review of the literature that plant cell culture itself generates genetic variability (somaclonal variation). Extensive examples are discussed of such variation in culture subclones and in regenerated plants (somaclones). A number of possible mechanisms for the origin of this phenomenon are considered. It is argued that this variation already is proving to be of significance for plant improvement. In particular the phenomenon may be employed to enhance the exchange required in sexual hybrids for the introgression of desirable alien genes into a crop species. It may also be used to generate variants of a commercial cultivar in high frequency without hybridizing to other genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02342540
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloroplast DNA assorts randomly in intraspecific somatic hybrids of Nicotiana debneyi (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Nicotiana debneyi ; Somatic hybrids ; Chloroplast DNA ; Restriction endonucleases ; Nucleocytoplasmic incompatibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plants were regenerated following intraspecific fusion of leaf protoplasts from two naturally occurring genotypes of Nicotiana debneyi. The two genotypes differed in the EcoRl fragmentation pattern of chloroplast DNA and in the nuclear-coded phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) isozymes. There was no conscious selection for hybrid genotypes during protoplast culture or plant regeneration. Among 225 plants screened for Pgm, six were identified as nuclear hybrids. Restriction endonuclease and filter hybridisation analysis revealed that the cytoplasms of the hybrids contained one or other but never both parental chloroplast DNAs. The sorting out of chloroplasts was random and complete; the limit of detecting a rare chloroplast-DNA type in a mixture was 0.1%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264526
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