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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conversion of sucrose to starch in the developing Pennisetum typhoides grain (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 63 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Developing grains of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides Burm. S & H cv. PIB 155) were sampled and analyzed for starch and its free-sugar precursors. The activities of invertase, sucrose-ADP (UDP) glucosyl transferase and of α-amylase and β-amylase in relation to the rate of starch accumulation in the developing grain were assayed. By culturing detached ears, the incorporation of 14C from free sugar precursors to starch was studied. The starch content gradually increased until grain maturity. The rate of starch accumulation was maximum around 12 days after anthesis. Around this period, the activities of sucrose-ADP(UDP) glucosyl transferase and α-amylase, β-amylase were also at a peak. Invertase activity was high during the early period of grain development but gradually declined as the grains matured. In the most actively metabolising milky grains, incorporation of 14C from [14C]-sugars to starch was maximum in the mid mid-milky grains. Addition of 20 mM K+ to the culture solution did not affect the incorporation of 14C from supplied sucrose to the free sugar pool and to the starch of the grain, but Mg2+ supply at 20 mM concentration lowered 14C incorporation from exogenous sucrose to grain free sugars, although the utilization of the latter for starch synthesis was enhanced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1985.tb02316.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of free sugars in relation to starch synthesis in the developing Sorghum vulgare grain (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 49 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Accumulation of starch at expense of its free-sugar precursors was studied in the developing grains of the ‘SL-44’variety of Sorghum vulgare Pers. The content of starch gradually increased with the maturation of the grain and this increase was relatively fast until 18 days after anthesis. The daily rate of starch accumulation was at a maximum 15 days after anthesis. The content of total free sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars other than sucrose, total and non-sucrosyl fructose, and glucose also increased, reaching maximum values at 18 days after anthesis. Sucrose content gradually increased with a concomitant decrease in the activity of invertase, and sucrose was the major non-reducing sugar in the matured grains. Detached heads incubated in labelled sugars indicated that, compared to sucrose and fructose. 14C was more efficiently incorporated from glucose into grain starch, which was maximally synthesized at the mid-milky stage of grain development. Exogenous supply of NAD+ plus ATP stimulated the in vivo incorporation of 14C from sucrose to starch. The decline in the rate of starch accumulation did not synchronise with that of protein synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1980.tb02658.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular invertase of Rhizobium japonicum and its role in free sugar metabolism in the developing root nodules of Sesbania grandiflora (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 48 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Extracellular invertase of Rhizobium japonicum and its role in free sugar metabolism in the developing root nodules of Sesbania grandiflora L. was studied. The enzyme hydrolysed sucrose extracellularly, and its release was substrate inducible. 0.1 Mβ-mercaptoethanol released the cell-bound form of this enzyme. The production of invertase was low when glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose and raffinose were used as carbon sources in the growth medium. In the developing nodules sucrose was the major sugar. The content of fructose was low in comparison with that of glucose – suggesting that in the nodules, fructose is converted to glucose prior to its entry into the bacterial cell. The content of glucose synchronised with the pattern of change in the activity of invertase in the nodules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1980.tb03295.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Aflatoxins on the Changes in Fats and Carbohydrates during Germination and on the Symbiotic Fixation of Nitrogen in Peanuts [Arachis hypogaea] (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 32 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The rate of hydrolysis of fats during germination of peanuts decreased with the increase in the concentration of aflatoxins. Free-reducing sugars increased up to 96 h of germination, and thereafter their concentrations remained more or less constant. However, the rate of formation of free-reducing sugars decreased with increase in the concentration of aflatoxins. At all the stages of germination the rate of formation of sucrose decreased with increase in the concentration of aflatoxins. The aflatoxins stimulated the fixation of nitrogen during the preflowering stage, leading to an increase in the concentrations of soluble nitrogen in roots and protein in shoots: the maximum amount of total nitrogen fixed and that excreted into the soil was at a concentration of 2.5 μg/ml aflatoxins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1974.tb03151.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Import of sucrose and its transformation to starch in the developing sorghum caryopsis (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 74 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Levels of soluble and bound invertases and amylases were studied in relation to the changes in the free sugars and the accumulation of starch in the developing sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv. spv. 351] caryopsis and its associated bractspedicel. Besides sucrose, glucose and fructose as the principal sugars, small amounts of sugars of the raffinose series were detected in the developing caryopsis. Through out the period of caryopsis development, the amount of reducing sugars was higher than that of sucrose. With the advancement in the development of the caryopsis, the contents and levels of sucrose rose with a concomitant fall in the activity of soluble acid (pH 4.8) invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) in the endosperm. In the pericarp-aleurone layer, the activity of soluble acid invertase predominated over soluble neutral (pH 7.5) invertase (EC 3.2.1.27). The activity of bound acid invertase declined with the ageing of the caryopsis. In bracts-pedicel, the activity of bound invertase and the levels of reducing sugars peaked around 18 days post anthesis. In these organs, the level of starch gradually decreased concomitantly with an increase in its level in the developing caryopsis. Amylases (EC 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2) are distributed in the endosperm as well as in the pericarp-aleurone layer. On culturing detached ears in [U-14C]-sucrose solution for 6 h in the dark at 25°C, 80–90% of the 14C of extracted major sugars (i.e. sucrose + glucose + fructose) of the caryopsis appeared in sucrose alone. In comparison with the effects of glucose or fructose, transport into the caryopsis of 14C from [U-14C]-sucrose supplied to detached ears was promoted by the addition to the radiolabelled sucrose solution of 1% unlabelled sucrose. Addition to the [U-14C]-sucrose solution fed to the detached ears of 20 mM NaN3 or HgCl2 or galactose, lowered the amount of 14C in the free sugars and starch of the earyopsis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1988.tb04941.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High thermal stability of inulinases fromAspergillus species (1994)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 16 (1994), S. 733-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00136480
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production, purification and immobilisation of inulinase from Kluyveromyces fragilis (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemical Technology AND Biotechnology 59 (1994), S. 377-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2575
    Keywords: Kluyveromyces fragilis ; yeast ; inulinase ; immobilisation ; industrial application ; fructose production ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kluyveromyces fragilis (NCIM 3217), Kluyveromyces marxianus (NCIM 3231), Hansenula polymorpha (NCIM 3377), Pichia fermentan (NCIM 3408), Pichia polymorpha (NCIM 3419) and Debaryomyces castellii (NCIM 3446) were grown on an inulin-based growth medium. Only K. fragilis produced extracellular inulinase with a maximum after 36 h of growth at 25-27°C. Sucrose and fructose were weak inducers of inulinase as compared to inulin whereas with glucose the inulinase level was minimal. An aqueous extract of chicory roots containing 1% fructan was a better carbon source than inulin and peptone was the best nitrogen source for the production of inulinase. The maximum yield of inulinase was about 7 units cm-3 of medium. The invertase to inulinase ratio of 10 in the culture filtrate was reduced to 1·6 on purifying inulinase by ethanol precipitation followed by chromatography on Sephadex G-200, DEAE-cellulose and CM-cellulose columns. Using this purification procedure, inulinase was purified 26-fold. With inulin as substrate, the shape of the velocity curve was nearer to a sigmoidal pattern whereas with sucrose the curve was hyperbolic. The molecular weight of inulinase was determined as 250 ± 10 kDa. The crude and purified inulinase preparations did not release sucrose or oligosaccharides from inulin, indicating that the enzyme has primarily exo-inulinase activity. Using the metal-link chelation method, 40% of inulinase was immobilised on cellulose. Maximum activity of crude, purified and immobilised inulinase preparations was observed at 55°C. The half-life of immobilised inulinase at 25°C was 5 days.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.280590411
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