Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Using quantitative autoradiography, we have studied the seasonal changes of high affinity melatonin receptor density in both the SCN and PT of the hedgehog, a seasonal breeder and an hibernator. Animals in 3 different physiological states were studied: sexually active animals, and sexually inactive animals during the hibernation period, being then either euthermic or hypothermic. In sexually active animals, Bmaax were 75.8 ± 7.1 fmol/mg protein in PT and 9.1 ± 0.5 fmol/mg protein in SCN; and Kd values were: 94 ± 22 pM in the PT and 101 ± 15 pM in the SCN. This specific binding was strongly decreased in the PT of sexually inactive animals. Moreover, this decrease was significantly stronger in hypothermic than in euthermic hedgehogs. Saturation studies and Scatchard analysis revealed that the observed decrease in the PT resulted from change in the Bmax but not in the Kd, Bmax values being respectively 56.4 ± 5.9 and 29.5 ± 1.9 fmol/mg protein in euthermic and hypothermic sexually at rest animals. In none of the different physiological states, did the density of melatonin receptors of the SCN show any changes, Bmaax values being respectively 9.8 ± 0.5 and 9.8 ± 0.4 fmol/mg protein in euthermic and hypothermic sexually at rest animals. This shows for the first time a tissue-specific regulation of melatonin receptor density occurring in the PT but not in the SCN. Furthermore, this decrease of binding in the PT is correlated with both sexual inactivity and hibernation period. This strongly suggests that the mediation of the photoperiodic effect on seasonal functions like seasonal hypothermia and reproduction involves an effect of melatonin on the PT rather than on the SCN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of exogenous melatonin on pineal melatonin synthesis was studied in the rat in vivo. Daily melatonin profiles were measured by transpineal microdialysis over 4 consecutive days in rats maintained on a 12-h light : 12-h dark schedule (LD 12 : 12). Curve-fitting was used to determine the amplitude of the peak of melatonin production, and the times of its onset (IT50) and offset (DT50). A subcutaneous injection of melatonin (1 mg/kg) at the onset of darkness (ZT12) induced an advance of IT50 on the second day after the treatment, in 50% of the animals kept in LD. When the animals were switched to constant darkness, the treatment caused no detectable advance of IT50, while 70% of individuals showed a significant delay in DT50 2 days after the injection. Locally infusing the drug by reverse microdialysis into the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) failed to enhance the shift in melatonin onset. Following subcutaneous melatonin injection, a significant increase (≈ 100%) in melatonin peak amplitude was observed. This increase persisted over 2 days and occurred only when the melatonin was applied at ZT12, but not at ZT6, 17 or 22. The effect was also observed when the drug was infused directly into the SCN, but not into the pineal. Thus, the SCN are the target site for the effect of exogenous melatonin on the amplitude of the endogenous melatonin rhythm, with a similar window of sensitivity as its phase-shifting effect on the pacemaker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in the regulation of the time-keeping system in rodents. In the present study, we have investigated the interplay between the rhythms of 5-HT synthesis and release in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the rat. The quantitative distribution of tryptophan hydroxylase (TpH) protein was used as an index of 5-HT synthesis, in perikarya and terminals areas. In the raphe medianus, the maximal levels of TpH was reached in the early daytime period, followed by a decrease before the onset of darkness. Conversely, in the axon terminals of the SCN the highest levels of TpH were found before the onset of the dark-period. Furthermore, TpH amount in SCN displays variations depending on the anatomical area of the SCN. Extracellular 5-HT peaked at the beginning of the night, as evidenced by in vivo microdialysis in the SCN. The 5-HT metabolite, 5-HIAA, presented a similar pattern, but the acrophase occurred in the middle of the dark period. These results suggest that TpH is transported from the soma to the nerve terminals in which 5-HT is synthesized during daytime. This would fill the intracellular stores of 5-HT to provide for its nocturnal release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: In vivo trans-pineal microdialysis was performed in male Wistar rats maintained under a 12 hr light: 12 hr dark (LD 12: 12) cycle. Collected dialysates were assayed by radioimmunoassay for melatonin concentrations. A non-linear regression was fitted through the obtained datapoints to determine the time points at which a 50% increase (IT50) and decrease (DT50) of the nocturnal melatonin peak were reached. In a first experiment, the nocturnal melatonin profiles of four animals were determined throughout 5 consecutive days. In a second experiment, we analysed the melatonin profiles during the night in rats originating from three different breeding colonies (Dépré, Harlan, and Iffa-Crédo). A low intraindividual variability was found on the phase markers IT50 and DT50, as on peak duration of melatonin rhythms estimated over 5 subsequent days in the same animal. In contrast, animals showed a large interindividual variability in their profile phase markers and the values were dependent on the origin of the breeding colony. Each rat colony was characterized by early or late IT50 and DT50 as long or short peak length. It is concluded from experiment 1 that the melatonin rhythm is a very stable circadian marker. Nevertheless, great caution must be taken in the choice of animal groups while studying circadian rhythms due to the large interindividual variability observed in experiment 2. Therefore, as the technique allows the use of the animal as its own control, the present study demonstrated that the use of the microdialysis technique is of interest in studies on the circadian system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus L.) is a hibernating mammal and seasonal breeder in which numerous circadian and circannual rhythms are entrained and synchronized by photoperiod. The present study was undertaken in order to establish the involvement of the pineal gland in transducing the photoperiodic message in this species. Pineal melatonin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in female hedgehogs kept under natural climatic conditions and killed during the light:dark (L:D) cycle in spring and autumn, after the interruption of darkness by a 45 min light pulse, and after bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx). Absolute melatonin concentrations were low (〈 100 pg/pineal) in the pineal gland. Under natural climatic conditions, in spring and in autumn, pineal melatonin concentrations exhibited a marked diurnal rhythmicity, with very low levels in the day (1200: 〈 10 pg/pineal) and high levels during the night (2200: 71.9 ± 18.6 pg/pineal; 0200: 42.5 ± 15.6 pg/pineal). The 45 min light pulse during darkness depressed rapidly and significantly the melatonin content (dark + light [D + L]: 〈 10 pg/pineal), but a subsequent return to darkness restored high melatonin content after approximately 2 h (D + L + D: 65.4 ± 20.2 pg/pineal). After bilateral SCGx, melatonin concentrations were reduced and no increase during night could be observed, either in animals sacrificed 42 days after SCGx or in animals killed 2 years after SCGx. In the hedgehog, as in other mammals, pineal melatonin concentrations are related to the light:dark cycle. Such data indicate that during the year, in this species, the effects of light on seasonal endocrine rhythms may be mediated by the pineal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Melatonin times reproduction with seasons in many photoperiodic mammalian species. Whether sexual hormones reflect on melatonin synthesis is still debated. The aim of this work was to study, using a large panel of technical approaches, whether the daily profile of pineal melatonin synthesis and release varies with the estrous cycle in the female rat. The mRNA levels and enzyme activities of the melatonin synthesizing enzymes, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase were similar at the four stages of the rat estrous cycle. The endogenous release of melatonin, followed by transpineal microdialysis during six consecutive days in cycling female rats, displayed no significant variation during this interval. Taken together, the present results demonstrate that there is no regular fluctuation in the pineal metabolism leading to melatonin synthesis and release throughout the estrous cycle in female rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 367-385 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal ; Hedgehog ; Sexual cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les pinéalocytes (au sens strict: Wolfe, 1965) de l'épiphyse du Hérisson mâle, examinés au microscope électronique, ont été comparés à ceux d'autres Mammifères. Ils possèdent un ou plusieurs prolongements cellulaires, dont la terminaison en «massue» est caractéristique. A l'intérieur du noyau, un nucléole de forme alvéolaire facilite l'identification de ce type cellulaire. Dans le périkaryon, des mitochondries, des ribosomes, quelques lysosomes. et inclusions lipidiques sont présents. Des cils et de rares «rubans circonscrits par des vésicules» (Collin, 1969) sont observés. Le réticulum endoplasmique est peu abondant et est constitué, essentiellement, par la forme lisse. L'appareil de Golgi sécrét de petites vésicules claires de 300 à 450 Å de diamètre et des vésicules à coeur dense de 400 à 1500 Å de diamètre. La migration de ces grains vers l'extrémité des prolongements a été mise en évidence. Pendant les phases du cycle sexuel, on observe une évolution de certains éléments des pinéalocytes. D'une part, pendant la phase de mise au repos sexuel, il y a formation, à partir du réticulum, d'un système rectiligne composé de cavités et de vésicules, puis évolution de l'ensemble vers une forme lamellaire concentrique, D'autre part, on note l'apparition de «condensations cytoplasmiques» très importantes durant une partie de la phase de pleine activité sexuelle.
    Notes: Summary The pinealocytes of the male hedgehog have been examined with the electron microscope, and have been compared with those of other mammals. They possess one or more cytoplasmic processes which end in a terminal club. In the nucleus, an alveolar nucleolus facilitates the identification of this cellular type. In the perikaryon, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes and lipid inclusions are present. Cilia and rare “rubans circonscrits par des vésicules” (Collin, 1969) are observed. The endoplasmic reticulum is not very abundant and essentially consists of the smooth type. Small clear vesicles (350–450 Å) and dense-cored vesicles (400–1500 Å) are produced by the Golgi apparatus. The migration of these densecored vesicles towards the terminal processes has been observed. It has been shown that there occurs a change of some cytoplasmic structures during the sexual cycle of this animal. On the one hand, during the period of sexual quiescence, a reticular formation—composed of lamellae and vesicles—is observed in the cytoplasm. This formation is transformed into annular lamellae. On the other hand, during the period of maximal sexual activity, just after the first mating period, numerous “cytoplasmic condensations” are observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...