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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 266 (1977), S. 639-640 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Twelve healthy young male volunteers (medical students) were screened medically and psychiatrically for participation in the study and informed consent was obtained. On an average, each subject participated in seven weekly sessions, each starting at about 9 a.m., after an overnight fast, and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 297 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegenden Experimente befassen sich mit dem Einfluß der Strukturen des Limbischen Systems auf das Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden-System. Elektrische Reizung der Mandelkerne mittels chronisch implantierter Elektroden bei einem dauernd bei Bewußtsein befindlichen Affen führt zu einer auffälligen plötzlichen Erhöhung des 17-OH-Corticosteroidspiegels im Plasma. Wird die Stimulation durch einige Stunden fortgesetzt, so folgt ein markanter Abfall des 17-OH-CS-Spiegels. Reizung der distalen Spitze des Hippocampus ist mit einer leichten plötzlichen Erhöhung vergesellschaftet, die aber von einer verzögerten und verlängerten Erniedrigung des 17-OH-CS-Spiegels gefolgt wird; diese kann nach nur 90 Minuten langer intermittierender Stimulation mehrere Tage bestehen bleiben. In Experimenten mit bilateraler Amylektomie zeigen die Affen eine Verminderung der plötzlichen Reaktion der Plasma-17-OH-CS, die präoperative mit “conditioned avoidance sessions” verbunden war. Wenn diese Tiere außerdem noch einer Fornixdurchschneidung undterworfen werden, ist der spätere Abfall des 17-OH-CS-Spiegels, der “avoidance sessions” folgt, weniger ausgeprägt. Diese Experimente weisen auf eine wichtige modulierende Rolle der limbischen Strukturen bei der Regulation endokriner Funktionen hin.
    Abstract: Résumé Les expériences traitent l'influence des structures du système limbique sur le système hypophyseo-adrénocortical. Stimulation électrique de longue durée des noyaux amygdaliens par électrodes appliquées chez des singes conscients fut suivie par une augmentation aiguë de la teneur des 17-OH-corticostéroides plasmiques. Si la stimulation est prolongée pendant quelques heures elle est suivie par une abolition marquée de la teneur des 17-OH-CS. Stimulation du pôle distal de I'hippocampe est associée par une légère augmentation aiguë, mais est suivie d'une suppression retardée et prolongée de la teneur des 17-OH-CS, laquelle peut durer quelques jours, seulement après 90 minutes de stimulation intermittente. Dans les expériences avec amygdalectomie bilatérale les singes montrent une diminution de la réponse aiguë des 17-OH-CS plasmiques, laquelle était associée préopérativement à «conditioned avoidance sessions». Si on applique en outre une section fornicale dans ses animaux le déclin ou l'abolition de la teneur des 17-OH-CS suivant à «avoidance sessions» sont moins prononcés. Ces expériences montrent quel rôle important modulant les structures limbiques jouent dans la régulation des fonctions endocriniennes.
    Notes: Summary These experiments are concerned with the influence of limbic system structures upon the pituitary-adrenal cortical system. Electrical stimulation of the amygdala through chronic, indwelling electrodes in the conscious monkey produced marked acute elevations of plasma 17-OH-CS levels. If stimulation is prolonged for several hours, it is followed by a marked depression of 17-OH-CS levels. Stimulation of the distal tip of the hippocampus is associated with a slight, acute elevation, but this is followed by a delayed and prolonged suppression of 17-OH-CS levels that may last for several days after only 90 minutes of intermittent stimulation. In experiments with bilateral amygdalectomy, monkeys show a diminution of the acute
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Human prolactin ; Dopamine ; Neuroleptics ; Pituitary model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study in normal male subjects further investigates the effects of dopaminergic-antidopaminergic interactions as manifested by the prolactin response to dopamine and neuroleptic drugs. Incremental doses of dopamine hydrochloride (4 μg/min, 15 μg/min, 60 μg/min, 300 μg/min) were infused fused at a constant rate over 90–120 min after a fixed dose of a neuroleptic drug (sufficient for about half of the maximal prolactin response) had been given IV. A dose of dopamine in the order of 15–60 μg/min appeared to match the “los” of endogenous dopaminergic inhibition due to the antidopaminergic effect of the neuroleptic drug. The lactotrophic cells of the pituitary gland are suggested to serve as a model in man for the study of some basic neurohormonal mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Prolactin ; Haloperidol ; Benztropine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The interaction between cholinergic and dopaminergic systems in regulating prolactin responses was investigated in normal men by administration of haloperidol (0.5 mg IM), with and without benztropine (1.0 and 2.0 mg IM). The acute prolactin response (at 30, 45, and 60 min) to haloperidol plus benztropine was significantly delayed compared to the response to haloperidol alone, in the same subjects. However, between 90 and 120 min after drug administration, prolactin responses achieved were similar in the three drug conditions. The results suggest a modest cholinergic-dopaminergic antagonism in the tuberoin-fundibular system, apparent at low doses of neuroleptic and high doses of anticholinergic drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 73 (1981), S. 184-187 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Clozapine ; Schizophrenia ; Prolactin ; Serial plasma levels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Serial plasma clozapine levels and serum prolactin levels were determined in two schizophrenic patients receiving clozapine, a novel antipsychotic drug. Despite marked therapeutic response and substantial clozapine blood levels, prolactin levels obtained 11–12 h after the last oral dose were unaffected or only minimally elevated. This confirms previous evidence of clozapine's unusal characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 66 (1979), S. 247-250 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Tardive dyskinesia ; Dopamine hypersensitivity ; TIDA ; Prolactin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tardive dyskinesia has been hypothesized to be caused by a neuroleptic-induced dopamine hypersensitivity in the nigrostriatal system. This study evaluated with dopamine antagonists the possibility that such dopamine hypersensitivity extends to the tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) system, which regulates, by inhibition, pituitary prolactin secretion. Plasma prolactin concentrations in six patients with tardive dyskinesia were asessed in four conditions: During chronic haloperidol therapy; serially after abrupt haloperidol withdrawal; while unmediated; and in response to an acute dose of 0.5 mg IM haloperidol. In all four conditions, prolactin responses did not differ from those observed in normal subjects and schizophrenic patients without tardive dyskinesia. It is concluded that there is no evidence for post-synaptic dopamine hypersensitivity in the TIDA-pituitary pathway in patients with tardive dyskinesia, consistent with other reports assessing hormonal responses to dopamine agonists in such cases. It is further suggested that neuroleptic-induced dopamine hypersensitivity does not occur in the TIDA-pituitary system in humans, since it was not manifest in these tardive dyskinesia patients who would be thought particularly prone to develop it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Sex-related differences ; Penfluridol ; Prolactin ; Plasma levels ; Insulin-induced hypoglycemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twelve healthy chronic schizophrenic patients were treated with the long-acting oral dopamine (DA) receptor blocker penfluridol (100 mg orally) for 6 weeks. Plasma prolactin (PRL) levels were measured during insulintolerance tests (ITT) performed at the end of the drug-free period (7–10 days) and during weeks 1 and 6 of penfluridol treatment. Simultaneous PRL and penfluridol plasma levels were determined just prior to, and at 8, 72, and 120 h after penfluridol administration during weeks 1, 5, and 6. During penfluridol treatment women (N=4) had a greater increase in their maximal PRL increments after ITT as compared to the men (N=8). Analyses of (peak) plasma penfluridol and PRL concentrations 8 h after penfluridol administration revealed a trend towards lower plasma penfluridol levels during weeks 5 and 6 and significantly higher PRL levels in women compared to men during weeks 1 (P〈0.01), 5 (P〈0.02), and 6 (P〈0.02). The consistent sex-related differences in the PRL responses to DA blockade, and to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and in the penfluridol plasma levels in our study support the view that sex-related changes need to be considered not only in the hormonal responses to various pharmacological agents, but also in the assessment of the plasma levels of these drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; Prediction of neuroleptic response ; Growth hormone ; Apomorphine ; L-Dopa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Growth hormone (hGH) responses to centrally acting dopamine agonists were used as indices of CNS dopaminergic function in order to test hypotheses implicating dopaminergic alteration in the etiopathology of schizophrenia. Apomorphine, a direct acting dopamine receptor agonist, and L-Dopa, an indirect agonist dependent upon presynaptic conversion to dopamine for its action, both elicited elevations in plasma hGH in most young male schizophrenic-and control-subjects. A highly significant difference was seen between the distribution of hGH responses to apomorphine for schizophrenics and that for controls. Unsually high hGH response to apomorphine was seen in schizophrenics who subsequently failed to respond to neuroleptic therapy; intermediate hGH response was seen in controls; and low hGH response was seen in subsequent neuroleptic responders; differences in hGH response were statistically significant for all intergroup comparisons. No such differences were seen in response to L-Dopa. An inverse relationship was seen between responses of individuals to L-Dopa and apomorphine. The findings suggest that the variability of hGH response to apomorphine is a reflection of dopamine receptor sensitivity, and that this variability may be an index of non-endocrine related dopaminergic sensitivity. They are consistent with hypotheses relating schizophrenia to alteration in dopamine receptors, although the type of receptor and the direction of alteration may be complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of autism and developmental disorders 15 (1985), S. 205-212 
    ISSN: 1573-3432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract In order to assess further the occurrence of hypothalamic dysfunction in infantile autism and its possible relationship to dopaminergic abnormalities, the 1-dopa provocative test was performed in 22 patients fulfilling DSM-III criteria for this disorder. The results indicate a high incidence (at least 30%) of blunted plasma growth hormone (GH) responses following oral administration of 1-dopa in this sample. These data suggest an alteration of hypothalamic dopamine receptor sensitivity in the patients with blunted responses. Thus, a subgroup of autistic patients within a descriptively homogeneous diagnostic category shows evidence of hypothalamic dysregulation and dopaminergic abnormalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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