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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of metabolites by observing the change in reaction rate during the early course of a first order reaction, as applied to fructose-1-phosphate
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 63 (1975), S. 572-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(75)90382-6
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gastrin/CCK-like immunoreactivity in Hatschek's groove of Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Cephalochordata)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    General and Comparative Endocrinology 70 (1988), S. 436-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-6480
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(88)90119-0
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of prostacyclin on the severity of ischaemic injury in rabbit hearts subjected to coronary ligation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 18 (1986), S. 1067-1076 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2828
    Schlagwort(e): Cytoprotection ; Myocardial ischaemia ; Prostacyclin
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2828(86)80293-0
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The time course of phosphorylcreatine resynthesis during recovery of the quadriceps muscle in man (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 367 (1976), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Man ; Muscle ; Exercise ; Recovery ; Phosphorylcreatine ; Phosphagen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The time course of phosphorylcreatine (PC) resynthesis in the human m. quadriceps femoris was studied during recovery from exhaustive dynamic exercise and from isometric contraction sustained to fatigue. The immediate postexercise muscle PC content after either form of exercise was 15–16% of the resting muscle content. The time course of PC resynthesis during recovery was biphasic exhibiting a fast and a slow recovery component. The half-time for the fast component was 21–22 s but this accounted for a smaller fraction of the total PC restored during recovery from the isometric contraction than after the dynamic exercise. The half-time for the slow component was in each case more than 170 s. After 2 and 4 min recovery the total amounts of PC resynthesized after the isometric exercise were significantly lower than from the dynamic exercise. Occlusion of the circulation to the quadriceps completely abolished the resynthesis of PC. Restoration of resynthesis occurred only after release of occlusion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585149
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glycolytic intermediates in human muscle after isometric contraction (1981)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 389 (1981), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Lactate ; Glycogenolysis ; Muscle contraction ; Glycogen ; Human muscle ; Recovery
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Isometric contraction of the quadriceps muscle sustained to fatigue with a force of 66% of the maximum voluntary contraction force resulted in a mean glycogen utilization of 80.4 (S.D. 58.4) mmol glucosyl units/kg dry muscle (d.m.) and an accumulation of glycolytic intermediates and glucose corresponding to 82.9 (S.D. 17.5) mmol glucosyl units/kg d.m. Accumulation of hexose phosphates (principally glucose 6-phosphate) accounted for 35.4% (S.D. 4.1) of the total increase and lactate for 59.3% (S.D. 2.8). During a 4 min recovery period glucose 6-[hosphate content showed a linear decrease with a half time of 2.0 min and lactate decreased exponentially with a half time of 2.5 min. The rate of lactate disappearance from the muscle was approximately 4 times as fast as that observed previously after maximal bicycle exercise. This was probably due to a lower lactate concentration in blood after isometric contraction resulting in a larger muscle-blood gradient for lactate. Muscle content of free glucose was increased after contraction and increased further during recovery. It is concluded that the glucose increase is confined to the intracellular pool and is an effect of hexokinase inhibition by accumulated glucose 6-phosphate. Occlusion, of the local circulation after the contraction inhibited the recovery processes for lactate and glucose 6-phosphate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584790
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lactate content and pH in muscle samples obtained after dynamic exercise (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 367 (1976), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrogen ion ; Lactate ; Pyruvate ; Exertion ; Muscle ; Blood ; Man ; Recovery
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Analyzes were made on muscle samples taken from the lateral part of the m. quadriceps femoris of man (lactate, pyruvate, and pH) on venous blood (lactate, pyruvate) and on capillary blood (pH). Samples were taken at rest, immediately after termination of dynamic exercise and during 20 min recovery from exhaustive dynamic exercise. Muscle pH decreased from 7.08 at rest to 6.60 at exhaustion. Decrease in muscle pH was linearly related to muscle content of lactate + pyruvate. The relationship was slightly different from what has been obtained after isometric exercise and this difference was ascribed to acid-base exchange with the blood during dynamic exercise. Lactate content was highly elevated in muscle after exercise and the concentration was 2–3 times higher than in blood. Pyruvate content was, however, only slightly higher than that at rest. During recovery lactate content of muscle decreased exponentially with respect to time, whereas pyruvate content increased. The half-time of lactate decrease was 9.5 min. From the lactate dehydrogenase equilibrium relative values on NADH/NAD ratio could be calculated. It was found that NADH/NAD was highly increased after exercise and that it had not returned to the basal value after 20 min recovery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585150
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mitochondrial function in human skeletal muscle is not impaired by high intensity exercise (1999)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 437 (1999), S. 562-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Oxidative phosphorylation ; Aerobic metabolism ; Oxygen utilisation ; Muscle fibres
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The hypothesis that high-intensity (HI) intermittent exercise impairs mitochondrial function was investigated with different microtechniques in human muscle samples. Ten male students performed three bouts of cycling at 130% of peak O2 consumption (V ·O2,peak). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle at rest, at fatigue and after 110 min recovery. Mitochondrial function was measured both in isolated mitochondria and in muscle fibre bundles made permeable with saponin (skinned fibres). In isolated mitochondria there was no change in maximal respiration, rate of adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) production (measured with bioluminescence) and respiratory control index after exercise or after recovery. The ATP production per consumed oxygen (P/O ratio) also remained unchanged at fatigue but decreased by 4% (P〈0.05) after recovery. In skinned fibres, maximal adenosine 5’-diphosphate (ADP)-stimulated respiration increased by 23% from rest to exhaustion (P〈0.05) and remained elevated after recovery, whereas the respiratory rates in the absence of ADP and at 0.1 mM ADP (submaximal respiration) were unchanged. The ratio between respiration at 0.1 and 1 mM ADP (ADP sensitivity index) decreased at fatigue (P〈0.05) but after the recovery period was not significantly different from that at rest. It is concluded that mitochondrial oxidative potential is maintained or improved during exhaustive HI exercise. The finding that the sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to ADP is reversibly decreased after strenuous exercise may indicate that the control of mitochondrial respiration is altered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050818
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adenine nucleotide and IMP contents of the quadriceps muscle in man after exercise (1978)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 374 (1978), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Man ; Muscle ; Exertion ; Recovery ; Adenine nucleotide ; Inosine 5-monophosphate ; Inorganic phosphate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Subjects performed submaximal and maximal bicycle exercise. Work time was between 2 and 15 min. Muscle biopsies were taken from m. quadriceps femoris at rest, immediately after termination of exercise and in some cases during the recovery period. Samples were analyzed for lactate, ATP, ADP, AMP, inorganic phosphate, creatine phosphate, creatine and IMP. The decrease in creatine phosphate and ATP/ADP ratio, as well as the increase in lactate were similar to previous investigations. Total adenine nucleotide content (TAN=ATP+ADP+AMP) decreased after maximal exercise with about 15% but was unchanged after submaximal exercise. The decrease in TAN after maximal exercise was corresponded by a similar increase in muscle IMP content. After 30 min of recovery TAN was restored to the basal value and IMP had decreased correspondingly. The physiological importance of adenine nucleotide degradation and IMP accumulation is discussed as well as the regulatory properties of the involved enzymes. The amount of energy which is liberated when 1 mol of ATP is hydrolysed to ADP has been calculated to decrease from 54 kJ at rest to 50 kJ after exhaustive exercise. It is suggested that the energy yield in the hydrolysation of ATP, rather than the amount of available ATP, is limiting for muscle contraction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581301
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Plasma hypoxanthine and ammonia in humans during prolonged exercise (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 80 (1999), S. 417-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Adenine nucleotide catabolism ; Energetics ; Exertion ; Muscle metabolism ; Oxypurines
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In this study we examined the time course of changes in the plasma concentration of oxypurines [hypoxanthine (Hx), xanthine and urate] during prolonged cycling to fatigue. Ten subjects with an estimated maximum oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) of 54 (range 47–67) ml · kg−1 · min−1 cycled at [mean (SEM)] 74 (2)% of V˙O2max until fatigue [79 (8) min]. Plasma levels of oxypurines increased during exercise, but the magnitude and the time course varied considerably between subjects. The plasma concentration of Hx ([Hx]) was 1.3 (0.3) μmol/l at rest and increased eight fold at fatigue. After 60 min of exercise plasma [Hx] was 〉10 μmol/l in four subjects, whereas in the remaining five subjects it was 〈5 μmol/l. The muscle contents of total adenine nucleotides (TAN = ATP+ADP+AMP) and inosine monophosphate (IMP) were measured before and after exercise in five subjects. Subjects with a high plasma [Hx] at fatigue also demonstrated a pronounced decrease in muscle TAN and increase in IMP. Plasma [Hx] after 60 min of exercise correlated significantly with plasma concentration of ammonia ([NH3], r = 0.90) and blood lactate (r = 0.66). Endurance, measured as time to fatigue, was inversely correlated to plasma [Hx] at 60 min (r = −0.68, P 〈 0.05) but not to either plasma [NH3] or blood lactate. It is concluded that during moderate-intensity exercise, plasma [Hx] increases, but to a variable extent between subjects. The present data suggest that plasma [Hx] is a marker of adenine nucleotide degradation and energetic stress during exercise. The potential use of plasma [Hx] to assess training status and to identify overtraining deserves further attention.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050613
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Repetitive static muscle contractions in humans —a trigger of metabolic and oxidative stress? (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 64 (1992), S. 228-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Adenine nucleotides ; Exertion ; Free radicals ; Human ; Lactate ; Muscle metabolism ; Phosphocreatine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Repetitive static exercise (RSE) is a repetitive condition of partial ischaemia/reperfusion and may therefore be connected to the formation of oxygen-derived free radicals and tissue damage. Seven subjects performed two-legged intermittent knee extension exercise repeating at 10 s on and 10 s off at a target force corresponding to about 30% of the maximal voluntary contraction force. The RSE was continued for 80 min (n=4) or to fatigue (n=3). Four of the subjects also performed submaximal dynamic exercise (DE) at. an intensity of about 60% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) for the same period. Whole body oxygen uptake (VO2) increased gradually with time during RSE (P〈0.05), indicating a decreased mechanical efficiency. This was further supported by a slow increase in leg blood flow (P〈0.05) and leg oxygen utilization (n.s.) during RSE. In contrast, prolonged RSE had no effect onVO2 during submaximal cycling. Maximal force (measured in six additional subjects) declined gradually during RSE and was not completely restored after 60 min of recovery. After 20 and 80 min (or at fatigue) RSE phosphocreatine (PC) dropped to 74% and 60% of the initial value, respectively. A similar decrease in PC occurred during DE. Muscle and arterial lactate concentrations remained low during both RSE and DE. The three subjects who were unable to continue RSE for 80 min showed no signs of a more severe energy imbalance than the other subjects. A continuous release of K+ occurred during both RSE and DE. The total muscle loss of K+ was about 3% and 6% of the total muscle K+ content during RSE and DE, respectively. Muscle glutathione, glutathione disulphide, ubiquinone and α-tocopherol are involved in the cellular defence system against free radicals. During RSE and DE these parameters were unchanged and plasma malondialdehyde (a product of free radical induced lipid peroxidation) remained below the detection limit. In conclusion, prolonged RSE resulted in a gradual decrease in PC, mechanical efficiency and maximal force. There were no signs of an enhanced rate of free radical formation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00626285
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