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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and Characterization of Multilayered Sheath Membrane Rich in Glucocerebroside from Shrimp Ventral Nerve (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A membrane fraction rich in glucocerebroside was isolated from homogenates of ventral nerves of pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) by sucrose gradient centrifugation. The membrane fraction was observed at 0.15 M sucrose and was rich in lipids (lipid/protein ratio ∼15:1). Electron microscopy showed that the fraction was derived from myelin-like multilayered glial membrane ensheathing axons, which has morphological similarities to myelin. Most of the lipids in shrimp nerve, including glucocerebroside, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and ethanolamine-plasmalogen, as well as cholesterol, appeared to be concentrated in this fraction. The fatty acids of these phospholipids were exclusively saturated or monounsaturated with C14-C26 chain lengths. The aldehyde moiety of plasmalogens contained only saturated C14-C18 carbon chains. Like glucocer ebrosides, the sphingoid base of sphingomyelin consisted mainly of C14-C16 sphingenines and sphinganines, but they also contained significant amounts of C19 and C20 sphinganines. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins in this fraction showed several bands in the 23,000–85,000 Mr range. Radioimmunoassay, however, did not show cross-reactivity with antibodies to myelin basic protein. The functional role of this membrane in relation to mammalian myelin is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00728.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and serotyping of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from diarrheic patients in China and Japan (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 142 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A molecular typing approach for Campylobacter jejuni was applied with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of a 702-bp PCR-amplified portion of the flagellin-A (flaA) gene. We analyzed a total of 179 strains, including 69 independent clinical isolates from diarrheic patients in Japan, 85 isolates in China, and 25 heat-stable (HS) serotype strains by Penner and Hennessy ((1980) J. Clin. Microbiol. 12, 732–737). Six AfaI, seven MboI, and five HaeIII RFLPs were found in the 702-bp flaA segment from the 179 strains. Using a combination of these three enzymes, 25 separate RFLP groups were recognized. While 59 of 154 (38.3%) strains obtained in Japan and China were nontypeable by the HS antigenic scheme, all but two of 154 (98.7%) could be typed by RFLP typing. All 11 isolates of HS-19 strains, which are frequently isolated from Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) patients, showed an identical RFLP pattern (Cj-1), and Cj-1 consisted only of HS-19 strains. This suggests that the HS-19:Cj-l strain is distinct among C. jejuni strains. This molecular typing method provides a rapid and reliable typing scheme for epidemiological studies of C. jejuni, and may also be useful for the analysis of C. jejuni subtypes from GBS patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08420.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central nervous system lesions in rats infected with Friend murine leukemia virus-related PVC441: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 93 (1997), S. 369-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Leukemia virus ; Neurotropic ; Vacuolar myelopathy ; Human T cell leukemia virus type I ; Human immunodeficiency virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Newborn F344 rats were injected intraperitoneally with PVC441 virus, a neuropathogenic variant of Friend murine leukemia virus, and developed paraparesis of hind limbs 35–40 days after infection. Immunohistochemical study using monoclonal anti-PVC441 antibody revealed that in the central nervous system endothelial cells but not neuronal or glial cells were infected with PVC441 virus. The major pathological changes were myelin vacuolation and oligodendrocyte degeneration in the white matter at the white-gray border zone. Anterior and lateral funiculi and intercalated myelin of anterior horns were dominantly affected in the spinal cord from the sacral to cervical level. The midbrain was also vacuolated. An ultrastructural study demonstrated that many viral particles were present outside the endothelial cells but only sparsely inside endothelial cells and pericytes. Endothelial cell membranes and tight junctions were also disrupted. Immunohistochemical studies with antibodies against major histocompatibility complex class Ia, intercellular adhesion molecule-I, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament protein, CD3 and OX42 revealed the presence of abundant microglia but not of lymphocytes or polymorphonuclear cells in the lesions. Axonal degeneration and astrogliosis were mild in degree. These pathological changes explain the observed spastic paraparesis in the rats, and represent a good model of spongiform diseases of the human central nervous system of retroviral origin, such as human T cell leukemia virus-associated myelopathy and AIDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050628
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demyelination produced by experimental allergic neuritis serum and anti-galactocerebroside antiserum in CNS cultures (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 48 (1979), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: CNS demyelination ; Antigalactocerebroside antibody ; EAN ; EAE ; Myelin ; CNS culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cultures of mouse cerebellum were exposed to sera from rabbits with experimental allergic neuritis induced by whole peripheral nerve immunization (WN-EAN) and to rabbit anti-galactocerebroside (GC) antisera, and were studied by electron microscopy. Both antisera produced almost identical demyelinative patterns. These consisted of large intramyelinic splittings, “smudged” changes of myelin, degeneration of oligodendrocytes, and phagocytosis of myelin by astrocytes, changes similar to those described after application of whole spinal cord-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (WM-EAE) sera. In addition, patterns which have been considered more characteristic of in vivo demyelinative lesions have been found, such as vesicular disruption of myelin lamellae and peeling off and phagocytosis of myelin by phagocytic mononuclear cells with electron dense cytoplasm. The morphologic similarities between demyelinative patterns in central nervous system (CNS) cultures induced by anti-GC antiserum and WN-EAN serum and WM-EAE serum, and the fact that elevated antibody titers to GC are found in sera from rabbits with WN-EAN and WM-EAE (Saida, et al., 1977), support the concept that anti-GC antibody is the major factor in the production of CNS demyclination in vitro by sera from rabbits with WN-EAN and WM-EAE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691786
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two major subgroups of human T-Cell leukemia virus-1 in Japan (1988)
    Springer
    Virus genes 1 (1988), S. 377-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-994X
    Keywords: HTLV-1 ; HAM ; ATL ; variants ; myelopathy ; leukemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract T lymphocytes of patients with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy (HAM) were cultured. After cultivating for several months, HAM-derived cell lines were tested for the presence of HTLV-1 proviral genome. We have found two major subgroups, the SacI type and the PstI type,of HTLV-1 by the restriction map analysis. They were almost equally distributed among HAM patients. We have also found two types of the provirus in DNA derived from fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) or lymph node cells of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) patients. The PstI type proviruses were predominant in ATL patients. It was concluded that two major subgroups of HTLV-1 exist in Japan and both types have an ability to cause either of two diseases, ATL or HAM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257100
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