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  • 1
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background.  Extracellular urease proteins located on the surface of Helicobacter pylori are gastric mucin-targeted adhesins, which play an important role in infection and colonization to the host. In this study we have determined the inhibitory activity of a variety of melanoidins, protein-derived advanced Maillard reaction products, ubiquitously found in heat-treated foods, on urease-gastric mucin adhesion. In addition, we have determined the anticolonization effect of melanoidin I, prepared by the Maillard reaction between casein and lactose, in an animal model and in human subjects infected with this bacterium.Methods.  The inhibitory activity of each compound was determined by a competitive binding assay of labeled gastric mucin to plate-immobilized urease. Melanoidin I was used in an in vivo trial using euthymic hairless mice as an infection model. Melanoidin I was consumed for 8 weeks by subjects infected with H. pylori. The [13C] urease breath test and H. pylori-specific antigen in the stool (HpSA) test were performed on subjects at week 0 and week 8.Results.  A variety of food protein-derived melanoidins strongly inhibited urease-gastric mucin adhesion in the concentration range of 10 µg/ml to 100 µg/ml. In particular, melanoidin I significantly (p 〈 .05) suppressed colonization of H. pylori in mice when given for 10 weeks via the diets. Eight weeks daily intake of 3 g melanoidin I significantly (p 〈 .05) decreased the optical density of HpSA in subjects.Conclusion.  Foods containing protein-derived melanoidins may be an alternative to antibiotic-based therapy to prevent H. pylori that combines safety, ease of administration and efficacy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1436-3305
    Keywords: Key words: inoperable ; gastric cancer ; chemotherapy ; efficacy criteria ; primary lesions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the adequacy of the Efficacy Criteria for Primary Lesions in the Japanese Classification of Gastric Cancer (Japanese criteria) for evaluating the anti-tumor efficacy of chemotherapies and the relationship between tumor regression and the prognosis of gastric cancer. Methods. The data for 90 patients with inoperable ad-vanced gastric cancer who received various chemotherapies, consisting of fluorinated pyrimidines and cisplatin, were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the Japanese criteria, we investigated the efficacy of the chemotherapies and the relationship between the response in primary lesions and survival. We also compared the efficacy of chemotherapies evaluated by the Japanese criteria to that evaluated by the WHO criteria. Results. All 90 patients were evaluable by the Japanese criteria. The overall response rate was 53.3% (Partial response [PR] in 48 patients and no change + progressive disease [NC + PD] in 42 patients). The primary lesions were classified as measurable (a-lesions) in 27 patients, evaluable but not measurable (b-lesions) in 31 patients, and diffusely infiltrating (c-lesions) in 32 patients. Overall median survival time (MST) was 9.4 months. The MSTs of the responders and non-responders were 12.6 and 7.8 months, respectively. In contrast, by the WHO criteria, 49 patients (54.4%) were evaluable; the other 41 patients had gastric primary lesions alone but were not measurable by WHO criteria. The overall response rate was 67.3% (33/49), and overall MST was 9.4 months. The MSTs of the responders evaluated by both sets of criteria were both 12.6 months. Conclusions. We suggest that the Japanese criteria are useful for evaluating the anti-tumor effect of gastric cancer chemotherapies and that prospective studies to reconfirm their usefulness are warranted in Japan, and in Western countries.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of gastroenterology 30 (1995), S. 557-564 
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: intravital microscopy ; gastric mucosal microcirculation ; basal part of the gastric mucosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We modified and improved techniques for the intravital microscopic observation of the rat gastric microcirculation. The stomach of anesthetized rats was cut along the greater curvature, and the posterior wall of the glandular stomach was fixed in a chamber with the serosal side up and perfused with warmed Tyrode's solution. A portion of the muscularis externa was resected with the serosa to make an observation window. Vascular casts were studied histologically after the injection of Monastral blue B gelatin solution. Vascular casts revealed that most of the microvasculature observed in the window was not located in the submucosa, but in the basal part of the mucosa. Microscopic observation showed that the basal mucosal arterioles branched to form the mucosal capillaries, and the collecting venules from the mucosal surface were seen in cross-sections to drain into the venules located in the basal mucosa, without penetrating the muscularis mucosae. Topical application of acetylcholine (0.03–10μM) to the window dilated the arterioles, and topical application of epinephrine (0.03–3μM) constricted them dose-dependently without affecting the collecting venules and the venules. This method made possible the direct observation of the microvasculature in the basal mucosa of the stomach, in which common microvessel characteristics were shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: rat stomach ; endogenous substance P ; capsaicin ; ethanol ; mucosal damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine the role of endogenous substance P in ethanol-induced mucosal damage, two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, the stomachs of anesthetized rats were doubly cannulated and gastric damage was induced with 5 ml of 30% ethanol in the gastric lumen. The damage was ameliorated by pretreatment with capsaicin (0.16 and 1.6 mM) and spantide (100 mg/kg, i.v.). In the second experiment, the gastric mucosa of these rats was perfused with physiological saline containing pepstatin (10 μl/ml). Endogenous substance P (SP) in the perfusate was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The peak SP levels were increased by capsaicin (0.16–1.6 mM) in a concentration-dependent manner. Perfusion with 50% ethanol for 5 min increased the SP levels approximately threefold. Perfusion with 1.6 mM capsaicin, followed by 50% ethanol, reduced the injured area to about one-quarter of the original injured area. The peak SP levels during perfusion with 50% ethanol after pretreatment with 1.6 mM capsaicin did not differe from those observed after vehicle pretreatment (control). The area under the curve for SP release during 50% ethanol perfusion after vehicle perfusion was not reduced by previous perfusion with 1.6 mM capsaicin followed by 50% ethanol, indicating that the prevention of ethanol-induced injury by capsaicin may be due to excess amounts of different neuropeptides released simultaneously.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a évalué les résultats du traitement endoscopique du cancer gastrique au début. Les lésions ont été divisés en deux groupes, un premier relevant d'une indication absolue (IA), l'autre relevant d'une indication relative (IR) du traitement endoscopique. Une résection endoscopique de la muqueuse gastrique (REMG) a été réalisée chez 104 patients pour 106 lésions. A côté de ces patients, 108 autres patients ont eu une irradiation au laser (IL). L'état des patients a été contrôlé régulièrement. Le taux de lésion résiduelle après REMG a été de 30.3% en cas d'IA, alors qu'il a été de 80% chez les patients d'IR. Le taux de lésion résiduelle après REMG a été de 0% chez les patients d'IR ayant eu une IL. Bien que le taux de récidive soit de 4.2%, le taux cumulatif de guérison aprés traitement complémentaire a été de 100%. Le taux de lésion résiduelle après REMG a été de 17.4% chez les patients d'IR avec un taux de récidive de 13.2%. Le taux cumulatif de guérison après traitement complémentaire a été de 97.4% La REMG a été employée en premier chez les patients d'IA, et ceux pour lesquels ce traitement a été insuffisant (tissu cancéreux résiduel); techniquement difficile ou impossible, ont eu une IL. La REMG permet un examen histologique, une des raisons de commencer par cette technique. Par contre, chez les patients d'IR, l'intervention conventionnelle est faite en premier. Enfin, l'IL est utilisée chez les patients qui refusent la chirurgie, ou ne peuvent être opérés pour des raisons diverses.
    Abstract: Resumen En el presente artículo se reporta la evaluación de los resultados del tratamiento endoscópico del cáncer gástrico. Las lesiones fueron divididas en dos grupos: el de los pacientes con indicación absoluta (IA) y el de los pacientes con indicación relative (IR) para tratamientos endoscópicos. La resección mucosal endoscópica (RME) fue practicada en 106 lesiones en 104 pacientes. Además, 108 pacientes fueron tratados con irradiación con láser (IL). el estado de los pacientes fue valorado en forma seriada en el periodo postoperatorio. La tasa de tumor residual en los pacientes con IA que fueron sometidos a RME fue de 30.3%, en tanto que fue de 80% en los pacientes con IR. La tasa residual en 70 pacientes con IA sometidos a IL fue 0%, y aunque la tasa de recurrencia fue 4.2%, la tasa acumulativa de curación luego de tratamientos adicionales fue 100%. La tasa residual en los pacientes con IR sometidos a IL fue 17.4%, y la tasa de recurrencia fue 13.2%. La tasa acumulativa de curación luego de tratamientos adicionales fue 97.4%. En los pacientes con IA la modalidad inicial de tratamiento fue RME. Los pacientes que exhibieron tejido canceroso residual luego de RME o aquellos en que la RME fue difícil de realizar por razones técnicas u otras, fueron sometidos a IL. La RME fue la primera modalidad terapéutica de eseogencia porque los especímenes endoscópicos obtenidos podían ser sometidos a examen histopatológico. En los pacientes con IR, la modalidad terapéutica de escogencia primaria fue la operación convencional. El procedimiento de IL fue practicado en aquellos que rehusaron cirugía o en quienes no se podría emprender tratamiento quirúrgico por diversas razones.
    Notes: Abstract The results of endoscopic treatment of early gastric cancers were evaluated. The lesions were divided into two groups: the group with an absolute indication (AI) and the other with a relative indication (RI) for endoscopic treatment. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was performed on 106 lesions in 104 patients. In addition, 108 patients were treated by laser irradiation (LI). The status of the patients were serially assessed during the postoperative period. The residual rate in AI patients who underwent EMR was 30.3%, whereas the rate in RI patients was 80%. The residual rate in 70 AI patients who underwent LI was 0%. Although the recurrence rate was 4.2%, the cumulative curative rate after additional treatments was 100%. The residual rate in RI patients who underwent LI was 17.4%, and the recurence rate was 13.2%. The cumulative curative rate after additional treatments was 97.4%. In AI patients, the initial mode of treatment used was EMR. Patients who exhibited residual cancerous tissue after EMR or those in whom EMR was difficult to perform, either technically or otherwise, underwent LI. EMR was the first choice therapeutic technique because endoscopic specimens obtained could be subjected to histopathologic examination. In RI patients, the conventional operation was the therapeutic technique of first choice. The LI procedure was performed in those who either refused surgery or who could not undergo operative treatment for various reasons.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: gastric motility ; mild hyperosmotic saline ; endogenous prostaglandins ; synthetic PGE1 derivative ; OU-1308 ; bethanechol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The myoelectrical activity of the gastric smooth muscle, recorded by a bipolar electrode placed at the gastric antrum in rats, could be recorded when the stomach was distended with 5 ml of physiological saline. This activity may be induced by a mucosal reflex and was inhibited both by atropine and by pirenzepine. Replacement of physiological saline with solutions of NaCl suppressed this myoelectrical activity. This suppression was dependent on the concentrations of NaCl in the solutions, from 0.3 to 1.0 M. Pretreatment with indomethacin (10 mg/kg, intravenous) completely prevented this suppression induced by different concentrations of NaCl solutions. Intragastric administration of 1.0 M NaCl in solution caused an increase in the levels of PGE2 in the gastric lumen. Intragastric administration of OU-1308, a synthetic derivative of PGE1, also suppressed the myoelectrical activity in a dose-dependent manner. It is concluded that the suppression of gastric myoelectrical activity by hyperosmolar NaCl may be attributable to the generation of endogenous PGE2 in the stomach.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: TETRAGASTRIN ; MUCIN ; MUCOSAL PROTECTION ; HISTAMINE ; GASTRODUODENAL INJURY
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined the effects of tetragastrin on mucin(mucus glycoprotein) content and mucosal damage in therat stomach and duodenum. Following an injection oftetragastrin (12, 120, or 400 μg/kg subcutaneously), no macroscopic damage was found to the gastricmucosa but an increase in corpus mucin content wasnoted, whereas mucosal lesions appeared and the mucincontent decreased in the duodenum in a dose-related manner. In the groups with histamine (0.8, 8,or 80 mg/kg intraperitoneally) administration, theextent of mucosal damage and the decrease in mucincontent were dose-related in both these regions. Forassessment of the effect of tetragastrin on the protectiveaction in gastroduodenal mucosa, changes in mucincontent and mucosal damage with histamine (80mg/kg)-induced injury were examined. Coadministration oftetragastrin prevented the gastric mucosal damage andinhibited the decrease in corpus mucin content. In theduodenum, tetragastrin aggravated the histamineinducedmucosal damage and did not inhibit the reduction of the mucin content. From the present results,the increase in gastric mucins induced by tetragastrinmight be related to the protective effect of gastricmucosa against injury. Tetragastrin did not protect the duodenal mucosa, and histamine-inducedinjury occurring in this region would be aggravated bythe increase in HCl secretion and the decrease in mucincontent induced by tetragastrin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: ecabet sodium ; rat ; antrum ; gastric mucin biosynthesis ; prostaglandin E2 ; monoclonal antibody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of ecabet sodium (ecabet), 12-sulfodehydroabietic acid monosodium salt, on gastric mucin biosynthesis in rat antrum were compared with those in the corpus. Intragastric administration of ecabet significantly increased [3H]glucosamine incorporation into antral mucin as well as into corpus mucin during five successive hours of organ culture. In contrast, mucin biosynthesis in either antrum or corpus was not susceptible to the addition of ecabet to the culture medium. Ecabet-induced stimulation of prostaglandin E2 production in the antrum was essentially the same as that seen in the corpus. In antrum treated with 100 mg/kg ecabet, immunoreactivity with three distinct anti-mucin monoclonal antibodies was found not only in the specific mucus-producing cells, but also in the secreted mucus present at the surface gel layer. These results suggest that ecabet enhances the mucin metabolism, and this stimulation occurs in both the corpus and antrum, suggesting that ecabet might be a useful tool for the further clarification of the regulatory mechanism of antral mucin synthesis.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: Key words: goblet cell depletion ; ulcerative colitis ; dextran sulfate sodium ; colonic mucin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Depletion of goblet cells (the main mucin-producing cells in the colon) is one of the most reliable histological characteristics of ulcerative colitis, whereas a major symptom of this disease is bloody diarrhea containing a large amount of mucus. The discrepancy between these phenomena was investigated in a time-course study in rats with experimental colitis induced by treatment with oral dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 1, 3, or 5 days. Biochemical analysis showed a reduction in mucin content in the distal side of the colon that was proportional to the duration of DSS administration. In the proximal side of the colon, however, there was a significant increase in mucin content already on the first day of treatment with DSS. This increase in colonic mucin content continued for the 5 days of treatment. In the distal side, both sulfomucin and sialomucin decreased proportionally to the duration of DSS administration. In the proximal side, there was an increase in high iron diamine-Alcian blue-positive mucins, and confirming the proliferation of goblet cells. The proliferated glands were predominantly sialylated. Goblet cell depletion and an increase in mucin production occurred in different parts of the colon. This phenomenon may be a type of compensatory function of colon tissue in response to the localized decrease of mucin production in certain portions of the colon.
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