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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 1749-1751 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the behavior of very thin oxide (∼20 A(ring)) metal-oxide-semiconductor tunnel diodes under high electrical field bias. These devices do not usually experience catastrophic breakdown, but can be worn out at high fields through the creation of a low barrier tunneling path. The effective area of the path increases during stress, while the barrier height remains essentially constant at ∼1 eV. The formation of the path is correlated to the presence of multilevel switching fluctuations in the diode current. The same complex fluctuations and excess currents are seen in oxides up to 70 A(ring) where the fluctuations show up as noisy precursors to catastrophic breakdown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Analog integrated circuits and signal processing 18 (1999), S. 89-96 
    ISSN: 1573-1979
    Keywords: delay lines ; time-to-digital converters ; high speed circuits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Delay-controlled CMOS delay lines have been proved useful in a number of applications, notably the digitization of short time intervals. This paper introduces a new kind of CMOS delay line, in which the delay element is an array of capacitors controlled by a digital signal vector. This choice allows for a robust implementation of the circuitry controlling the delay generation, while the maximum speed attainable by the line is high compared to the maximum speed achieved by other delay line architectures. The delay line presented here was designed to produce an accurately tunable 16 × 0.5ns delay under large temperature, supply voltage, and technological process quality variations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Site-directed covalent modification of proteins is currently used to study the molecular structure of enzyme active sites. Radioactive labels together with protein sequencing by Edman degradation have been previously employed to identify the site of modification. One drawback of such a procedure is that most reagents are not commercially available in radioactive form. Moreover, the covalent bond formed upon reaction of the label with the protein may be labile under the conditions of Edman degradation. By combining reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry, we have been able to identify the modified sites of horse heart cytochrome c after reaction with iodine. By using this procedure it has been possible to ascertain that, among the four tyrosines contained in the sequence of horse heart cytochrome c, only tyrosine 74 is converted into the monoiodinated derivative. The data demonstrate also the absence of unwanted secondary reactions. The technique avoids the use of radioactive materials and prevents losses of the label since Edman degradation is not required to identify the modified peptides. These results indicate that FAB mass spectrometry along with RP-HPLC is potentially a powerful technique to study chemical modifications of proteins.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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